Java不是我的主要编程语言,所以我可能会问明显的。
但Java中是否有一个简单的文件处理库,如python?
例如我只想说:
File f = Open('file.txt', 'w')
for(String line:f){
//do something with the line from file
}
谢谢!
更新:好吧,stackoverflow自动接受了一个奇怪的答案。它与我放置的赏金有关 - 所以如果你想看到其他答案,只需向下滚动!
答案 0 :(得分:19)
我正在考虑更多的事情:
File f = File.open("C:/Users/File.txt");
for(String s : f){
System.out.println(s);
}
这是我的源代码:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
public abstract class File implements Iterable<String>{
public final static String READ = "r";
public final static String WRITE = "w";
public static File open(String filepath) throws IOException{
return open(filepath, READ);
}
public static File open(String filepath, String mode) throws IOException{
if(mode == READ){
return new ReadableFile(filepath);
}else if(mode == WRITE){
return new WritableFile(filepath);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid File Write mode '" + mode + "'");
}
//common methods
public abstract void close() throws IOException;
// writer specific
public abstract void write(String s) throws IOException;
}
class WritableFile extends File{
String filepath;
Writer writer;
public WritableFile(String filepath){
this.filepath = filepath;
}
private Writer writer() throws IOException{
if(this.writer == null){
writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(this.filepath));
}
return writer;
}
public void write(String chars) throws IOException{
writer().write(chars);
}
public void close() throws IOException{
writer().close();
}
@Override
public Iterator<String> iterator() {
return null;
}
}
class ReadableFile extends File implements Iterator<String>{
private BufferedReader reader;
private String line;
private String read_ahead;
public ReadableFile(String filepath) throws IOException{
this.reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filepath));
this.read_ahead = this.reader.readLine();
}
private Reader reader() throws IOException{
if(reader == null){
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filepath));
}
return reader;
}
@Override
public Iterator<String> iterator() {
return this;
}
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
reader().close();
}
@Override
public void write(String s) throws IOException {
throw new IOException("Cannot write to a read-only file.");
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return this.read_ahead != null;
}
@Override
public String next() {
if(read_ahead == null)
line = null;
else
line = new String(this.read_ahead);
try {
read_ahead = this.reader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
read_ahead = null;
reader.close()
}
return line;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
// do nothing
}
}
以下是它的单元测试:
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.Test;
public class FileTest {
@Test
public void testFile(){
File f;
try {
f = File.open("File.java");
for(String s : f){
System.out.println(s);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Test
public void testReadAndWriteFile(){
File from;
File to;
try {
from = File.open("File.java");
to = File.open("Out.txt", "w");
for(String s : from){
to.write(s + System.getProperty("line.separator"));
}
to.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:11)
在Java中逐行读取文件:
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myfile.txt"));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
// Do something with this line
System.out.println(line);
}
in.close();
I / O的大多数类都在包java.io
中。请参阅该软件包的API文档。有关详细信息,请查看Sun's Java I/O tutorial。
添加:上面的示例将使用系统的默认字符编码来读取文本文件。如果要显式指定字符编码,例如UTF-8,请将第一行更改为:
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("myfile.txt"), "UTF-8"));
答案 2 :(得分:4)
如果您已经与Apache commons lang和commons io有依赖关系,那么这可能是另一种选择:
String[] lines = StringUtils.split(FileUtils.readFileToString(new File("myfile.txt")), '\n');
for(String line: lines){
//do something with the line from file
}
(我更喜欢Jesper的回答)
答案 3 :(得分:4)
如果您想通过字符串迭代文件,您可能会发现有用的类是 Scanner 类。
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScanXan {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Scanner s = null;
try {
s = new Scanner(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myFile.txt")));
while (s.hasNextLine()) {
System.out.println(s.nextLine());
}
} finally {
if (s != null) {
s.close();
}
}
}
}
API非常有用:http://java.sun.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html 您也可以使用正则表达式解析文件。
答案 4 :(得分:3)
我从不厌倦拉皮条的谷歌guava-libraries,这需要很多痛苦......好吧,Java中的大多数事情。
怎么样:
for (String line : Files.readLines(new File("file.txt"), Charsets.UTF_8)) {
// Do something
}
如果你有一个大文件,并且想要逐行回调(而不是将整个内容读入内存),你可以使用LineProcessor
,这会增加一些样板(到期)缺乏封闭......叹气)但仍然保护你不要处理阅读本身,以及所有相关的Exceptions
:
int matching = Files.readLines(new File("file.txt"), Charsets.UTF_8, new LineProcessor<Integer>(){
int count;
Integer getResult() {return count;}
boolean processLine(String line) {
if (line.equals("foo")
count++;
return true;
}
});
如果你实际上不希望结果退出处理器,并且你从不中止(从processLine
返回布尔值的原因)你可以那么做类似的事情:
class SimpleLineCallback extends LineProcessor<Void> {
Void getResult{ return null; }
boolean processLine(String line) {
doProcess(line);
return true;
}
abstract void doProcess(String line);
}
然后您的代码可能是:
Files.readLines(new File("file.txt"), Charsets.UTF_8, new SimpleLineProcessor(){
void doProcess(String line) {
if (line.equals("foo");
throw new FooException("File shouldn't contain 'foo'!");
}
});
相应更干净。
答案 5 :(得分:2)
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("scan.txt"));
try {
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
System.out.println(scanner.nextLine());
}
} finally {
scanner.close();
}
}
一些警告:
答案 6 :(得分:1)
使用来自guava-io的Files.readLines()
和LineProcessor
回调的简单示例:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.io.Files;
import com.google.common.io.LineProcessor;
public class GuavaIoDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int result = Files.readLines(new File("/home/pascal/.vimrc"), //
Charsets.UTF_8, //
new LineProcessor<Integer>() {
int counter;
public Integer getResult() {
return counter;
}
public boolean processLine(String line) throws IOException {
counter++;
System.out.println(line);
return true;
}
});
}
}
答案 7 :(得分:0)
您可以使用jython,它允许您在Java中运行Python语法。
答案 8 :(得分:0)
这里很好的例子:Line by line iteration
答案 9 :(得分:0)
试着看看groovy!
它是在JVM中运行的Java的超集。大多数有效的Java代码也是有效的Groovy,因此您可以直接访问任何百万个Java API。
此外,它还有许多Python教客熟悉的高级结构 从地图,列表,sql,xml中解脱出来的一些扩展,你猜对了 - 文件IO。