如何超越这个正则表达式替换?

时间:2010-04-27 10:16:01

标签: c# regex optimization string

经过大量测量后,我发现了一个我想要优化的Windows服务中的热点。我们正在处理可能有多个连续空格的字符串,我们希望减少到只有一个空格。我们使用静态编译的正则表达式完成此任务:

private static readonly Regex 
    regex_select_all_multiple_whitespace_chars = 
        new Regex(@"\s+",RegexOptions.Compiled);

然后按如下方式使用它:

var cleanString=
    regex_select_all_multiple_whitespace_chars.Replace(dirtyString.Trim(), " ");

该行被调用数百万次,并且证明相当密集。我试着写一些更好的东西,但我很难过。鉴于正则表达式的处理要求相当适中,肯定会有更快的速度。使用指针进行unsafe处理可以进一步加快速度吗?

编辑:

感谢对这个问题的惊人反应......最让人意想不到的!

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

这大约快了三倍:

private static string RemoveDuplicateSpaces(string text) {
  StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(text.Length);
  bool space = false;
  foreach (char c in text) {
    if (c == ' ') {
      if (!space) b.Append(c);
      space = true;
    } else {
      b.Append(c);
      space = false;
    }
  }
  return b.ToString();
}

答案 1 :(得分:7)

这个怎么样......

public string RemoveMultiSpace(string test)
{
var words = test.Split(new char[] { ' ' }, 
    StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
return string.Join(" ", words);
}

使用NUnit运行测试用例:
测试时间以毫秒为单位。

Regex Test time: 338,8885
RemoveMultiSpace Test time: 78,9335
private static readonly Regex regex_select_all_multiple_whitespace_chars =
   new Regex(@"\s+", RegexOptions.Compiled);

[Test]
public void Test()
{
    string startString = "A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      ";
    string cleanString;
    Trace.WriteLine("Regex Test start");
    int count = 10000;
    Stopwatch timer = new Stopwatch();
    timer.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        cleanString = regex_select_all_multiple_whitespace_chars.Replace(startString, " ");
    }
    var elapsed = timer.Elapsed;
    Trace.WriteLine("Regex Test end");
    Trace.WriteLine("Regex Test time: " + elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

    Trace.WriteLine("RemoveMultiSpace Test start");
    timer = new Stopwatch();
    timer.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        cleanString = RemoveMultiSpace(startString);
    }
    elapsed = timer.Elapsed;
    Trace.WriteLine("RemoveMultiSpace Test end");
    Trace.WriteLine("RemoveMultiSpace Test time: " + elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
}

public string RemoveMultiSpace(string test)
{
    var words = test.Split(new char[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
    return string.Join(" ", words);
}

修改:
做了一些测试,并添加了基于StringBuilder的Guffa方法“RemoveDuplicateSpaces” 所以我的结论是当有很多空格时StringBuilder方法更快,但是空格更少,字符串拆分方法稍微快一些。

Cleaning file with about 30000 lines, 10 iterations
RegEx time elapsed: 608,0623
RemoveMultiSpace time elapsed: 239,2049
RemoveDuplicateSpaces time elapsed: 307,2044

Cleaning string, 10000 iterations:
A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      A B  C   D    E     F      
RegEx time elapsed: 590,3626
RemoveMultiSpace time elapsed: 159,4547
RemoveDuplicateSpaces time elapsed: 137,6816

Cleaning string, 10000 iterations:
A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      A      B      C      D      E      F      
RegEx time elapsed: 290,5666
RemoveMultiSpace time elapsed: 64,6776
RemoveDuplicateSpaces time elapsed: 52,4732

答案 2 :(得分:6)

目前,您正在用另一个空格替换单个空格。尝试匹配\s{2,}(或类似的东西,如果你想替换单个换行符和其他字符)。

答案 3 :(得分:3)

只有一条建议,如果您的数据没有unicode空格,而不是\s+使用[ \r\n]+[ \n]+或仅 +(如果只有空格) ,基本上将其限制为最小字符集。

答案 4 :(得分:3)

您无法使用正则表达式。例如:

private static string NormalizeWhitespace(string test)
{
    string trimmed = test.Trim();

    var sb = new StringBuilder(trimmed.Length);

    int i = 0;
    while (i < trimmed.Length)
    {
        if (trimmed[i] == ' ')
        {
            sb.Append(trimmed[i]);

            do { i++; } while (i < trimmed.Length && trimmed[i] == ' ');
        }

        sb.Append(trimmed[i]);

        i++;
    }

    return sb.ToString();
}

用这种方法和下面的试验台:

private static readonly Regex MultipleWhitespaceRegex = new Regex(
    @"\s+", 
    RegexOptions.Compiled);

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string test = "regex  select    all multiple     whitespace   chars";

    const int Iterations = 15000;

    var sw = new Stopwatch();

    sw.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
    {
        NormalizeWhitespace(test);
    }
    sw.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("{0}ms", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

    sw.Reset();

    sw.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
    {
        MultipleWhitespaceRegex.Replace(test, " ");
    }
    sw.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("{0}ms", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}

我得到了以下结果:

// NormalizeWhitespace - 27ms
// Regex - 132ms

请注意,这仅使用一个非常简单的示例进行测试,可以通过删除对String.Trim的调用进一步优化,并且仅用于指出正则表达式有时不是最佳答案。

答案 5 :(得分:3)

我很好奇直接实施可能会如何执行:

    static string RemoveConsecutiveSpaces(string input)
    {
        bool whiteSpaceWritten = false;
        StringBuilder sbOutput = new StringBuilder(input.Length);

        foreach (Char c in input)
        {
            if (c == ' ')
            {
                if (!whiteSpaceWritten)
                {
                    whiteSpaceWritten = true;
                    sbOutput.Append(c);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                whiteSpaceWritten = false;
                sbOutput.Append(c);
            }
        }

        return sbOutput.ToString();
    }

答案 6 :(得分:0)

由于这是一个简单的表达式,用一个空格替换两个或多个空格,摆脱Regex对象并自行硬编码替换(在C ++ / CLI中):

String ^text = "Some   text  to process";
bool spaces = false;
// make the following static and just clear it rather than reallocating it every time
System::Text::StringBuilder ^output = gcnew System::Text::StringBuilder;
for (int i = 0, l = text->Length ; i < l ; ++i)
{
  if (spaces)
  {
    if (text [i] != ' ')
    {
      output->Append (text [i]);
      spaces = false;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    output->Append (text [i]);
    if (text [i] == ' ')
    {
      spaces = true;
    }
  }
}
text = output->ToString ();

答案 7 :(得分:0)

阵列总是会更快

        public static string RemoveMultiSpace(string input)
    {
        var value = input;

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(input))
        {
            var isSpace = false;
            var index = 0;
            var length = input.Length;
            var tempArray = new char[length];
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                var symbol = input[i];
                if (symbol == ' ')
                {
                    if (!isSpace)
                    {
                        tempArray[index++] = symbol;
                    }
                    isSpace = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    tempArray[index++] = symbol;
                    isSpace = false;
                }
            }
            value = new string(tempArray, 0, index);
        }

        return value;
    }