Python:将列表切成n个近似等长的分区

时间:2010-04-17 20:20:10

标签: python list slice

我正在寻找一种快速,干净,pythonic的方式将列表划分为n个几乎相等的分区。

partition([1,2,3,4,5],5)->[[1],[2],[3],[4],[5]]
partition([1,2,3,4,5],2)->[[1,2],[3,4,5]] (or [[1,2,3],[4,5]])
partition([1,2,3,4,5],3)->[[1,2],[3,4],[5]] (there are other ways to slice this one too)

这里有几个答案Iteration over list slices非常接近我想要的,除了他们专注于列表的 size ,我关心号码列表(其中一些也用无填充)。显然,这些都是琐碎的转换,但我正在寻找最佳实践。

同样地,人们已经在How do you split a list into evenly sized chunks?指出了一个非常类似问题的优秀解决方案,但是我对分区数量比特定大小更感兴趣,只要它在1以内。再次,这是可以轻易转换,但我正在寻找最佳实践。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:29)

只是一个不同的看法,只有在[[1,3,5],[2,4]]是一个可接受的分区时才有效。

def partition ( lst, n ):
    return [ lst[i::n] for i in xrange(n) ]

这满足了@Daniel Stutzbach的例子中提到的例子:

partition(range(105),10)
# [[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100],
# [1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101],
# [2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92, 102],
# [3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103],
# [4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104],
# [5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95],
# [6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96],
# [7, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97],
# [8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98],
# [9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89, 99]]

答案 1 :(得分:28)

这是一个类似于Daniel的版本:它尽可能均匀地划分,但是将所有较大的分区放在开头:

def partition(lst, n):
    q, r = divmod(len(lst), n)
    indices = [q*i + min(i, r) for i in xrange(n+1)]
    return [lst[indices[i]:indices[i+1]] for i in xrange(n)]

它也避免使用浮点运算,因为这总是让我感到不舒服。 :)

编辑:一个例子,只是为了显示与Daniel Stutzbach的解决方案的对比

>>> print [len(x) for x in partition(range(105), 10)]
[11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]

答案 2 :(得分:16)

def partition(lst, n):
    division = len(lst) / float(n)
    return [ lst[int(round(division * i)): int(round(division * (i + 1)))] for i in xrange(n) ]

>>> partition([1,2,3,4,5],5)
[[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]]
>>> partition([1,2,3,4,5],2)
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]
>>> partition([1,2,3,4,5],3)
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]
>>> partition(range(105), 10)
[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31], [32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41], [42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52], [53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62], [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73], [74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83], [84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94], [95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104]]

Python 3版本:

def partition(lst, n):
    division = len(lst) / n
    return [lst[round(division * i):round(division * (i + 1))] for i in range(n)]

答案 3 :(得分:4)

以下是一种方法。

def partition(lst, n):
    increment = len(lst) / float(n)
    last = 0
    i = 1
    results = []
    while last < len(lst):
        idx = int(round(increment * i))
        results.append(lst[last:idx])
        last = idx
        i += 1
    return results

如果len(lst)不能均匀地除以n,则此版本将以大致相等的间隔分配额外项目。例如:

>>> print [len(x) for x in partition(range(105), 10)]
[11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10, 11, 10]

如果您不介意所有11个人在开头或结尾,代码可能会更简单。

答案 4 :(得分:0)

这个答案为人们提供了一个功能split(list_, n, max_ratio) 谁想要将他们的列表拆分为最多n max_ratio件 片长比。它允许更多的变化 提问者'最多1个片长差异'。

它的工作原理是在所需的比例范围内对 n 片段长度进行采样 [1,max_ratio] ,将它们放在彼此之后形成'破碎 坚持'断点'之间的距离,但是错了 总长度。将破碎的棍子缩放到所需的长度给我们 我们想要的断点的大致位置。得到整数 断点需要后续的舍入。

不幸的是,舍入可能会导致碎片太短, 并让你超过max_ratio。请参阅此答案的底部 示例

import random

def splitting_points(length, n, max_ratio):
    """n+1 slice points [0, ..., length] for n random-sized slices.

    max_ratio is the largest allowable ratio between the largest and the
    smallest part.
    """
    ratios = [random.uniform(1, max_ratio) for _ in range(n)]
    normalized_ratios = [r / sum(ratios) for r in ratios]
    cumulative_ratios = [
        sum(normalized_ratios[0:i])
        for i in range(n+1)
    ]
    scaled_distances = [
        int(round(r * length))
        for r in cumulative_ratios
    ]

    return scaled_distances


def split(list_, n, max_ratio):
    """Slice a list into n randomly-sized parts.

    max_ratio is the largest allowable ratio between the largest and the
    smallest part.
    """

    points = splitting_points(len(list_), n, ratio)

    return [
        list_[ points[i] : points[i+1] ]
        for i in range(n)
    ]

您可以这样尝试:

for _ in range(10):
    parts = split('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 4, 2)
    print([(len(part), part) for part in parts])

错误结果的示例:

parts = split('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 10, 2)

# lengths range from 1 to 4, not 2 to 4
[(3, 'abc'),  (3, 'def'), (1, 'g'),
 (4, 'hijk'), (3, 'lmn'), (2, 'op'),
 (2, 'qr'),  (3, 'stu'),  (2, 'vw'),
 (3, 'xyz')]