Question

我已经编写了一个程序，在按下不同的按钮时基本上绘制了不同的数据。该程序在Windows下按预期工作，但当我尝试将其移植到Linux（Red Hat v6）时，我遇到了一个奇怪的问题：我想要绘制的窗口在我关闭主程序之后才会出现。无论图形如何（图1,2等），我都会尝试绘图，或者我尝试输入plt.show（）等。

我编写的程序几乎是1000行代码，但我创建了一个具有相同问题的缩写程序。它可以在Windows下运行，但在Linux下我必须关闭matplotlib窗口的根窗口才能显示。

工作代码：

 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 from tkinter import * 

 def click():
    x=['0','1','2']
    plt.plot(x,x)

 plotGUI=Tk()
 butt1=Button(plotGUI,text="Test", command=click).grid()
 plotGUI.mainloop()

Answer 1

如果简化代码仍未显示Tk-toplevel窗口，请添加一行：

plotGUI.lift()       # force WM to raise Tk() window
plotGUI.mainloop()

如果简化代码与matplotlib - 包装器有问题，则需要更具体地说明用于获取matplitlib的包装方法 - 输出到Tkinter Canvas等人

如果代码尝试依赖默认matplotlib工具plt.show()，则代码将遭受两个相邻 {{1} } -s - 首先.mainloop()＆＃39; s - 隐藏在默认Tk() - s matplotlib中的第二个 - 因此您的代码几乎无法控制相邻的两个UI-S

共同整合的UI

为了拥有不相邻的UI控制器以及协同集成UI的更多好处，尝试重新使用后端工厂直接在.show()以及您选择和控制的其他合理小部件上进行绘图。

Tkinter.Canvas

然后在您的代码＆amp;上继续完全集成的GUI-MVC图层。 matplotlib模型状态/输入 - 控制器/视觉输出。

enter image description here

共同集成UI示例的更多代码：

from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg  import  FigureCanvasTkAgg

[Halldinz0r]复制/粘贴重新测试的完整代码：

class SuperShapeFrame( Frame ):                                         # The user interface:

    def __init__( self, master = None ):

        Frame.__init__( self, master )
        self.grid()
        self.m          = 3
        self.n1         = 2
        self.n1_scaling = LinearScaling( ( .1, 20 ), ( 0, 200 ) )
        self.n2         = 18
        self.n2_scaling = LinearScaling( ( .1, 20 ), ( 0, 200 ) )
        self.n3         = 18
        self.n3_scaling = LinearScaling( ( .1, 20 ), ( 0, 200 ) )

        self.fig        = Figure( ( 6, 6 ), dpi = 100 )

        canvas          = FigureCanvasTkAgg( self.fig, master = self )

        canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(                                    row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 4 )

        label           = Label(    self,  text = 'M' )
        label.grid(                                                     row = 1, column = 1 )

        self.m_slider   = Scale(    self,   from_ = 1, to =  20,        \
                                            orient = HORIZONTAL,        command = lambda i : self.update_m() \
                                            )
        self.m_slider.grid(                                             row = 1, column = 2 )
        label           = Label(    self,   text = 'N1' )
        label.grid(                                                     row = 2, column = 1 )
        self.n1_slider = Scale(     self,   from_ = 0, to = 200,        \
                                            orient = HORIZONTAL,        command = lambda i : self.update_n1() \
                                            )
        self.n1_slider.grid(                                            row = 2, column = 2 )
        label = Label(              self,   text = 'N2' )
        label.grid(                                                     row = 3, column = 1 )
        self.n2_slider = Scale(     self,   from_ = 0, to = 200,        \
                                            orient = HORIZONTAL,        command = lambda i : self.update_n2() \
                                            )
        self.n2_slider.grid(                                            row = 3, column = 2 )
        label = Label(              self,   text = 'N3' )
        label.grid(                                                     row = 4, column = 1 )
        self.n3_slider = Scale(     self,   from_ = 0, to = 200,
                                            orient = HORIZONTAL,        command = lambda i : self.update_n3() \
                                            )
        self.n3_slider.grid(                                            row = 4, column = 2 )

        self.draw_figure()                                              # >>> ================================================================ DRAW FIRST APPEARANCE OF THE INSTANCE

    def update_m( self ):
        self.m = self.m_slider.get()
        self.refresh_figure()                                           # >>> .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. UPDATE

    def update_n1( self ):
        self.n1 = self.n1_scaling.dst_to_src( self.n1_slider.get() )
        self.refresh_figure()                                           # >>> .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. UPDATE

    def update_n2( self ):
        self.n2 = self.n2_scaling.dst_to_src( self.n2_slider.get() )
        self.refresh_figure()                                           # >>> .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. UPDATE

    def update_n3(self):
        self.n3 = self.n3_scaling.dst_to_src( self.n3_slider.get() )
        self.refresh_figure()                                           # >>> .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. UPDATE

    def refresh_figure( self ):                                         # <<< .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. UPDATE ACTUAL APPEARANCE OF THE INSTANCE
        r = supershape_radius( self.phi, 1, 1, self.m, self.n1, self.n2, self.n3 )  # .CALC new polar values in radius dimension
        self.lines.set_ydata( r )                                                   # .MOD <lines>, selectively just their <lines>.set_ydata() coordinates
        self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()                                                 # .GUI MVC-Visual part UPDATE via <self>.<fig>.<canvas>.draw_idle()

    def draw_figure( self ):                                            # <<< =============================================================== DRAW FIRST APPEARANCE OF THE INSTANCE
        self.phi    = np.linspace( 0, 2 * np.pi, 1024 )                             # .STO <phi> a np.array with static fi-coordinates
        r           = supershape_radius( self.phi, 1, 1, self.m, self.n1, self.n2, self.n3 )
        ax          = self.fig.add_subplot( 111, polar = True )                     # 
        self.lines, = ax.plot( self.phi, r, lw = 3. )                               # .STO <lines> aListOfLINEs from .plot() function
        self.fig.canvas.draw()                                                      # .GUI MVC-Visual part, enforce first visual output via <self>.<fig>.<canvas>.draw()

def TkDemo():                                                           # Finally, we set up and start our user interface:
    """ HELP:       CookBook: Tk-GUI-MVC via SuperShape example
        TESTS:      TkDemo()
        """
    root = Tk()
    root.lift()
    root.protocol( 'WM_DELETE_WINDOW', root.quit() )                    # [X]-overide --------------------------- 

    app = SuperShapeFrame( root )                                       # <<<--- pass <root>

    app.master.title( 'CookBook: Tk-GUI-MVC via SuperShape' )

    app.mainloop()
    pass

Answer 2

我只需添加以下内容即可使其正常工作：

matplotlib.use('TkAgg')

这使得该程序与Windows一样工作，无需任何其他修改。我真的需要学习user3666197为未来项目发布的概念。

tkinter和matplotlib：在Linux下程序关闭之前，windows不显示

2 个答案:

共同整合的UI