我正在使用“更多Python初学者编程”一书，我正在从中复制代码。
我正在尝试创建一个函数来在屏幕上创建一个名为print_text()的文本，其中包含一些渲染文本所需的参数。
这是功能：
def print_text(font, x, y, text, colour=(255, 255, 255), shadow=True):
if shadow:
txtimg = font.render(text, True, (0,0,0))
surface.blit(txtimg, (x-2,y-2))
txtimg = font.render(text, True, colour)
surface.blit(txtimg, (x, y))
以下是整个计划：
# Trivia Game
#
# An editable quiz. Accumulate ALL the points.
# This has 11 questions so far.
#
# -------------------------------------------------
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
class Trivia(object):
def __init__(self, filename):
self.data = []
self.current = 0
self.total = 0
self.correct = 0
self.score = 0
self.scored = False
self.failed = False
self.wronganswer = 0
self.colour = [white, white, white, white]
txt = open("trivia.txt", "r")
tdata = txt.readlines()
txt.close()
for text_line in tdata:
self.data.append(text_line.strip())
self.total += 1
def print_text(font, x, y, text, colour=(255, 255, 255), shadow=True):
if shadow:
txtimg = font.render(text, True, (0,0,0))
surface.blit(txtimg, (x-2,y-2))
txtimg = font.render(text, True, colour)
surface.blit(txtimg, (x, y))
def show_question(self):
trivia.print_text(font1, 210, 5, "TRIVIA GAME")
print_text(font2, 192, 500-20, "press keys 1,2,3,4 to answer", blue)
print_text(font2, 530, 5, "SCORE:", blue)
print_text(font2, 550, 25, str(self.score), blue)
self.correct = int(self.data[self.current+5])
question = self.current // 6 + 1
print_text(font1, 5, 80, "QUESTION " + str(question))
print_text(font2, 20, 120, self.data[self.current], white)
if self.scored:
self.colour = [white, white, white, white]
self.colour[self.correct-1] = green
print_text(font1, 230, 380, "CORRECT!", green)
print_text(font2, 170, 420, "Press Enter For Next Question", green)
elif self.failed:
self.colour = [white, white, white, white]
self.colour[self.wronganswer-1] = red
self.colour[self.correct-1] = green
print_text(font1, 230, 380, "INCORRECT!", red)
print_text(font2, 170, 420, "Press Enter For Next Question", red)
print_text(font1, 5, 170, "ANSWERS")
print_text(font2, 20, 210, "1 - " + self.data[self.current+1], self.colour[0])
print_text(font2, 20, 240, "2 - " + self.data[self.current+2], self.colour[1])
print_text(font2, 20, 270, "3 - " + self.data[self.current+3], self.colour[2])
print_text(font2, 20, 300, "4 - " + self.data[self.current+4], self.colour[3])
def handle_input(self,number):
if not self.scored and not self.failed:
if number == self.correct:
self.scored = True
self.score += 1
else:
self.failed = True
self.wronganswer = number
def next_question(self):
if self.scored or self.failed:
self.scored = False
self.failed = False
self.correct = 0
self.colour = [white, white, white, white]
self.current += 6
if self.current >= self.total:
self.current = 0
# main program
pygame.init()
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("School")
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)
font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 24)
white = 255, 255, 255
blue = 0, 0, 255
green = 0, 255, 0
red = 255, 0, 0
black = 0, 0, 0
trivia = Trivia("trivia_data.txt")
# loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
sys.exit()
elif event.key == pygame.K_1:
trivia.handle_input(1)
elif event.key == pygame.K_2:
trivia.handle_input(2)
elif event.key == pygame.K_3:
trivia.handle_input(3)
elif event.key == pygame.K_4:
trivia.handle_input(4)
elif event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
trivia.next_question()
surface.fill((black))
trivia.show_question()
pygame.display.update()
运行此程序时出现的错误是：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\PylonBuffering\Desktop\Pylon Buffering\Games\Other\Trivia Game\Trivia Game.pyw", line 126, in <module>
trivia.show_question()
File "C:\Users\PylonBuffering\Desktop\Pylon Buffering\Games\Other\Trivia Game\Trivia Game.pyw", line 39, in show_question
trivia.print_text(font1, 210, 5, "TRIVIA GAME")
File "C:\Users\PylonBuffering\Desktop\Pylon Buffering\Games\Other\Trivia Game\Trivia Game.pyw", line 33, in print_text
txtimg = font.render(text, True, (0,0,0))
AttributeError: 'Trivia' object has no attribute 'render'
帮帮我。如果您发现此主题已经解决，请将我链接到它。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
问题在于您将函数print_text声明为Trivia类的方法。您实际需要的是在全局范围内声明它。
要解决此问题，请将print_text功能从此处移出Trivia课程：
self.total += 1 # Do not move this line. I have only provided it for context
def print_text(font, x, y, text, colour=(255, 255, 255), shadow=True):
if shadow:
txtimg = font.render(text, True, (0,0,0))
surface.blit(txtimg, (x-2,y-2))
txtimg = font.render(text, True, colour)
surface.blit(txtimg, (x, y))
def show_question(self): # Do not move this line. I have only provided it for context
......到这里：
black = 0, 0, 0 # Do not move this line. I have only provided it for context
def print_text(font, x, y, text, colour=(255, 255, 255), shadow=True):
if shadow:
txtimg = font.render(text, True, (0,0,0))
surface.blit(txtimg, (x-2,y-2))
txtimg = font.render(text, True, colour)
surface.blit(txtimg, (x, y))
trivia = Trivia("trivia_data.txt") # Do not move this line. I have only provided it for context
答案 1 :(得分：1)
这是因为您没有在self中添加print_text参数。如果你调用一个方法（如在＆＃34;一个属于类＆＃34的函数;），传递给函数的第一个参数始终是实例本身，无论其名称如何。因此，如果您致电trivia.print_text(font1, ...)，参数font会自动变为trivia的值，x会获得font1的值，依此类推。
要验证你自己试试这个：
class Test:
def func():
print "test"
test = Test()
test.func()
这将提出：
TypeError: func() takes no arguments (1 given)
传递的参数func是实例test。 Python将＆＃34;转换＆＃34; test.func()至Test.func(test)。
另一个问题是，您从print_text调用show_question而没有自我前缀。这样python就找不到print_text，因为函数不在命名空间中。
您不应该在课堂内拨打trivia，而应使用self（请参阅show_question第1行）。
所以有三个选择：
self之前添加font（在所有self次来电之前不要忘记实例（trivia或print_text）前缀）print_text移出类的上下文（在self调用之前删除所有实例前缀（trivia或print_text）print_text，这可以防止python将实例作为参数传递（不要忘记实例（self或trivia）前缀在所有print_text来电之前）