我正在尝试抓取网站以获取新闻报道。我的start_url包含:
(1)指向每篇文章的链接:http://example.com/symbol/TSLA
和
(2)一个“更多”按钮,用于在同一个start_url中动态加载更多文章的AJAX调用:http://example.com/account/ajax_headlines_content?type=in_focus_articles&page=0&slugs=tsla&is_symbol_page=true
AJAX调用的参数是“page”,每次单击“更多”按钮时,该页面都会递增。例如,单击“更多”一次将加载另外n篇文章,并在Click事件的“更多”按钮中更新页面参数,以便下次单击“更多”时,“页面”将加载两篇文章(假设“页面“0最初加载,第一次点击加载”页面“1。
对于每个“页面”,我想使用规则来抓取每篇文章的内容,但我不知道有多少“页面”,我不想选择一些任意的m(例如,10k)。我似乎无法弄清楚如何设置它。
从这个问题Scrapy Crawl URLs in Order开始,我尝试创建潜在网址的网址列表,但在解析之前的网址并确保其确定后,我无法确定从池中发送新网址的方式和位置包含CrawlSpider的新闻链接。我的规则发送对parse_items回调的响应,其中解析文章内容。
在应用规则和调用parse_items以便我知道何时停止抓取之前,有没有办法观察链接页面的内容(类似于BaseSpider示例)?
简化代码(为了清楚起见,我删除了几个我正在解析的字段):
class ExampleSite(CrawlSpider):
name = "so"
download_delay = 2
more_pages = True
current_page = 0
allowed_domains = ['example.com']
start_urls = ['http://example.com/account/ajax_headlines_content?type=in_focus_articles&page=0'+
'&slugs=tsla&is_symbol_page=true']
##could also use
##start_urls = ['http://example.com/symbol/tsla']
ajax_urls = []
for i in range(1,1000):
ajax_urls.append('http://example.com/account/ajax_headlines_content?type=in_focus_articles&page='+str(i)+
'&slugs=tsla&is_symbol_page=true')
rules = (
Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=('/symbol/tsla', ))),
Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=('/news-article.*tesla.*', '/article.*tesla.*', )), callback='parse_item')
)
##need something like this??
##override parse?
## if response.body == 'no results':
## self.more_pages = False
## ##stop crawler??
## else:
## self.current_page = self.current_page + 1
## yield Request(self.ajax_urls[self.current_page], callback=self.parse_start_url)
def parse_item(self, response):
self.log("Scraping: %s" % response.url, level=log.INFO)
hxs = Selector(response)
item = NewsItem()
item['url'] = response.url
item['source'] = 'example'
item['title'] = hxs.xpath('//title/text()')
item['date'] = hxs.xpath('//div[@class="article_info_pos"]/span/text()')
yield item
答案 0 :(得分:11)
抓取蜘蛛可能对您的目的而言太有限了。如果你需要很多逻辑,你通常最好不要继承Spider。
Scrapy提供了CloseSpider异常,当您需要在某些条件下停止解析时,可以引发异常。您正在抓取的页面会返回一条消息“您的股票上没有焦点文章”,当您超过最大页面时,您可以检查此消息并在出现此消息时停止迭代。
在你的情况下,你可以使用这样的东西:
from scrapy.spider import Spider
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.exceptions import CloseSpider
class ExampleSite(Spider):
name = "so"
download_delay = 0.1
more_pages = True
next_page = 1
start_urls = ['http://example.com/account/ajax_headlines_content?type=in_focus_articles&page=0'+
'&slugs=tsla&is_symbol_page=true']
allowed_domains = ['example.com']
def create_ajax_request(self, page_number):
"""
Helper function to create ajax request for next page.
"""
ajax_template = 'http://example.com/account/ajax_headlines_content?type=in_focus_articles&page={pagenum}&slugs=tsla&is_symbol_page=true'
url = ajax_template.format(pagenum=page_number)
return Request(url, callback=self.parse)
def parse(self, response):
"""
Parsing of each page.
"""
if "There are no Focus articles on your stocks." in response.body:
self.log("About to close spider", log.WARNING)
raise CloseSpider(reason="no more pages to parse")
# there is some content extract links to articles
sel = Selector(response)
links_xpath = "//div[@class='symbol_article']/a/@href"
links = sel.xpath(links_xpath).extract()
for link in links:
url = urljoin(response.url, link)
# follow link to article
# commented out to see how pagination works
#yield Request(url, callback=self.parse_item)
# generate request for next page
self.next_page += 1
yield self.create_ajax_request(self.next_page)
def parse_item(self, response):
"""
Parsing of each article page.
"""
self.log("Scraping: %s" % response.url, level=log.INFO)
hxs = Selector(response)
item = NewsItem()
item['url'] = response.url
item['source'] = 'example'
item['title'] = hxs.xpath('//title/text()')
item['date'] = hxs.xpath('//div[@class="article_info_pos"]/span/text()')
yield item