我有三个功能,我试图测试。
的呼叫顺序让我们说模块module.py中有以下内容
# module.py
def a(*args):
# do the first thing
def b(*args):
# do a second thing
def c(*args):
# do a third thing
def main_routine():
a_args = ('a')
b_args = ('b')
c_args = ('c')
a(*a_args)
b(*b_args)
c(*c_args)
我想检查b在a之后和c之前是否被调用。因此,对a,b和c中的每一个进行模拟很容易:
# tests.py
@mock.patch('module.a')
@mock.patch('module.b')
@mock.patch('module.c')
def test_main_routine(c_mock, b_mock, a_mock):
# test all the things here
检查每个单独的模拟被调用也很容易。如何检查呼叫相对于彼此的顺序?
call_args_list
因为每个模拟器单独维护而无法工作。
我尝试使用副作用记录每个来电:
calls = []
def register_call(*args):
calls.append(mock.call(*args))
return mock.DEFAULT
a_mock.side_effect = register_call
b_mock.side_effect = register_call
c_mock.side_effect = register_call
但是这只给了我调用模拟的算法,而不是调用的实际模拟。我可以添加更多逻辑:
# tests.py
from functools import partial
def register_call(*args, **kwargs):
calls.append(kwargs.pop('caller', None), mock.call(*args, **kwargs))
return mock.DEFAULT
a_mock.side_effect = partial(register_call, caller='a')
b_mock.side_effect = partial(register_call, caller='b')
c_mock.side_effect = partial(register_call, caller='c')
这似乎完成了工作......有没有更好的方法呢?感觉API中已经存在可以做到这一点我缺少的东西。
答案 0 :(得分:25)
定义Mock
经理并通过attach_mock()
为其添加模拟。然后检查mock_calls
:
@patch('module.a')
@patch('module.b')
@patch('module.c')
def test_main_routine(c, b, a):
manager = Mock()
manager.attach_mock(a, 'a')
manager.attach_mock(b, 'b')
manager.attach_mock(c, 'c')
module.main_routine()
expected_calls = [call.a('a'), call.b('b'), call.c('c')]
assert manager.mock_calls == expected_calls
只是为了测试它的工作原理,在main_routine()
函数添加中更改函数调用的顺序,看看它是否会抛出AssertionError
。
在Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
上查看更多示例希望有所帮助。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
我今天需要这个答案,但是问题中的示例代码确实很难阅读,因为调用args与管理器和上的模拟名相同。测试。 Here's the official documentation on this concept,以下是非机器人的更清晰示例。为了示例,我正在修补的所有模块都是这样构成的:
@patch('module.file_reader')
@patch('module.json_parser')
@patch('module.calculator')
def test_main_routine(mock_calculator, mock_json_parser, mock_file_reader):
manager = Mock()
# First argument is the mock to attach to the manager.
# Second is the name for the field on the manager that holds the mock.
manager.attach_mock(mock_file_reader, 'the_mock_file_reader')
manager.attach_mock(mock_json_parser, 'the_mock_json_parser')
manager.attach_mock(mock_calculator, 'the_mock_calculator')
module.main_routine()
expected_calls = [
call.the_mock_file_reader('some file'),
call.the_mock_json_parser('some json'),
call.the_mock_calculator(1, 2)
]
assert manager.mock_calls == expected_calls
请注意,在这种情况下,您必须使用attach_mock
,因为模拟是由patch
创建的。必须通过patch
附加具有名称(包括由attach_mock
创建的名称)的副本,此代码才能起作用。如果您创建自己的attach_mock
对象而没有名称,则不必使用Mock
:
def test_main_routine(mock_calculator, mock_json_parser, mock_file_reader):
manager = Mock()
mock_file_reader = Mock()
mock_json_parser = Mock()
mock_calculator = Mock()
manager.the_mock_file_reader = mock_file_reader
manager.the_mock_json_parser = mock_json_parser
manager.the_mock_calculator = mock_calculator
module.main_routine()
expected_calls = [
call.the_mock_file_reader('some file'),
call.the_mock_json_parser('some json'),
call.the_mock_calculator(1, 2)
]
assert manager.mock_calls == expected_calls
答案 2 :(得分:-1)
更简洁的解决方案是将您的函数包装到一个类中,然后在测试中模拟该类。这将消除进行任何修补的需要(总是加分项)。
# module.py
class Wrapper:
def a(self, *args):
pass
def b(self, *args):
pass
def c(self, *args):
pass
def main_routine(self):
a_args = ('arg for a',)
b_args = ('arg for b',)
c_args = ('arg for c',)
self.a(*a_args)
self.b(*b_args)
self.c(*c_args)
在测试文件中,您创建一个模拟包装器类,然后在调用 self
时将模拟包装器作为参数插入 Wrapper.main_method
(注意这不会实例化该类)。
# module_test.py
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call
from module import Wrapper
def test_main_routine():
mock_wrapper = MagicMock()
Wrapper.main_routine(mock_wrapper)
expected_calls = [call.a('arg for a'),
call.b('arg for b'),
call.c('arg for c')]
mock_wrapper.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)
好处:
assert_has_calls
而不是将 mock_calls
属性与调用列表进行比较。check_for_calls
函数(见下文)# module_better_test.py
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call
from module import Wrapper
def test_main_routine():
expected_calls = [call.a('arg for a'),
call.b('arg for b'),
call.c('arg for c')]
check_for_calls('main_routine', expected_calls)
def check_for_calls(method, expected_calls):
mock_wrapper = MagicMock()
getattr(Wrapper, method)(mock_wrapper)
mock_wrapper.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)