Question

我现在正在学习malloc和嵌套结构。但是我有一个问题。当我打印出结构的一个成员时，我也从另一个嵌套结构中获取其他变量。下面的代码就是我所拥有的。

structs.h

struct course_info{
 char *name[20];
 int *course_id;
 int *count;
};

struct student_info{
  char *last[20];
  char *first[20];
  int *student_id;
  int count;
};

typedef struct gradebook_info{
 struct course_info course;
 struct student_info student;
}gradebook;

的main.c

gradebook *info=NULL;
info=(gradebook *)malloc(sizeof(gradebook));

init(info);

在func.c中

void init(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;

    info->course.course_id=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
    info->student.student_id=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int));

    for(i=0; i<20; i++)
        {
            info->course.name[i]=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*20);
            info->student.last[i]=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*20);
            info->student.first[i]=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*20);
        }

    info->course.count=0;
    info->student.count=0;

}
void addCourse(gradebook *info)
{
    int i, loop=0;

    printf("Enter Number of Courses: ");
    scanf("%d", &loop);

    for(i=0; i<loop; i++)
        {
            printf("Enter Course ID: ");
            scanf("%d", &info->course.course_id[info->course.count]);

            info->course.count++;
        }

}
void addStudent(gradebook *info)
{
    int i, loop=0;

    printf("Enter Number of Students: ");
    scanf("%d", &loop);

    for(i=0; i<loop; i++)
        {
            printf("Enter Student ID: ");
            scanf("%d", &info->student.student_id[info->student.count]);

            info->student.count++;
        }
}
void printCourse(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;

    if(info->course.count==0)
        printf("No Courses in Databse.\n");
    else
        {
            printf("Course ID\tCourse Name\n");

            for(i=0; i<info->course.count; i++)
                printf("%d\t\t%s\n", info->course.course_id[i], info->course.name[i]);
        }

}
void printStudent(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;

    if(info->student.count==0)
        printf("No Students in Database.\n");
    else
        {
            printf("Student ID\tLast Name\tFirst Name\n");

            for(i=0; i<info->student.count; i++)
                printf("%d\t\t%s\t\t%s\n", info->student.student_id[i], info-  >student.last[i], info->student.first[i]);
        }
}

当我向课程和学生添加值并调用课程的打印功能时。我不仅打印所有课程成员，还打印学生成员。我不明白是什么导致内存泄漏以及如何防止它。任何帮助表示赞赏。

Answer 1

作为建议，我会使用如下结构设置：

typedef struct student_info{
    char last[20];
    char first[20];
    int student_id;
} student;

typedef struct course_info{
    char name[20];
    int course_id;
    int student_count;
    student* students;
} course;

typedef struct gradebook_info{
    int course_count;
    course* courses;
}gradebook;

gradebook由多个course组成。每个course都会保留student s。

程序看起来像这样：

void createStudents(course *info)
{
    int i;

    printf("Enter Number of Students in Course %d: ", info->course_id);
    scanf("%d", &info->student_count);
    info->students = malloc(sizeof(student)* info->student_count);

    for (i = 0; i<info->student_count; i++)
    {
        printf("Enter Student ID: ");
        scanf("%d", &info->students[i].student_id);

        // make sure printf doesn't run past end of name
        info->students[i].first[0] = '\0';
        info->students[i].last[0] = '\0';

    }
}

void createCourses(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;

    printf("Enter Number of Courses: ");
    scanf("%d", &info->course_count);

    info->courses = malloc(sizeof(course)* info->course_count);

    for (i = 0; i < info->course_count; i++)
    {
        printf("Enter Course ID: ");

        scanf("%d", &info->courses[i].course_id);
        createStudents(&info->courses[i]);

        // make sure printf doesn't run past end of name
        info->courses[i].name[0] = '\0'; 
    }
}


void init(gradebook *info)
{
    info->course_count = 0;
    createCourses(info);
}

void clear(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < info->course_count; i++)
    {
        free(info->courses[i].students);
    }

    free(info->courses);
}

void printStudents(course *info)
{
    int i;

    if (info->student_count == 0)
        printf("No Students in Database.\n");
    else
    {
        printf("Student ID\tLast Name\tFirst Name\n");

        for (i = 0; i<info->student_count; i++)
            printf("%d\t\t%s\t\t%s\n", info->students[i].student_id, info->students[i].last, info->students[i].first);
    }
}

void printCourses(gradebook *info)
{
    int i;

    if (info->course_count == 0)
        printf("No Courses in Database.\n");
    else
    {
        printf("Course ID\tCourse Name\n");

        for (i = 0; i < info->course_count; i++)
        {
            printf("%d\t\t%s\n", info->courses[i].course_id, info->courses[i].name);
            printStudents(&info->courses[i]);
        }
    }

}

int main()
{
    gradebook *info = 0;
    info = (gradebook *)malloc(sizeof(gradebook));

    init(info);
    printCourses(info);
    clear(info);
    return 0;
}

这是示例输入/输出：

Enter Number of Courses: 2
Enter Course ID: 1
Enter Number of Students in Course 1: 2
Enter Student ID: 100
Enter Student ID: 101
Enter Course ID: 2
Enter Number of Students in Course 2: 3
Enter Student ID: 123
Enter Student ID: 456
Enter Student ID: 789
Course ID       Course Name
1
Student ID      Last Name       First Name
100
101
2
Student ID      Last Name       First Name
123
456
789

struct的成员在未调用时保持打印

1 个答案: