记住:FRAPS + D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG +
SampleDesc.Count > 1
不要混用。
我真的很喜欢DX ......就像一周前一样。但这个问题很容易描述,即使我的语言和理解有限。我保持DEBUG
层,因为它提供了有价值的反馈。但反过来又造成了一个我无法克服的问题。我花了一天时间一条一根地拉着毛发。
如果我使用
创建D3D11
设备
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 3;
...它在最终的->Release()
上崩溃,无论它是哪个对象。完全相同的 DAMN代码:
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
...顺利清理COM引用。更不用说Release
中没有DEBUG
标记的两种变体正常。
在Output
中,我收到一些含糊不清的错误live children without parents
。但我只有5个COM对象,我使用COM包装器。
所以我删除了COM包装器,为每个包装器手动执行->Release()
和= nullptr
。国际海事组织错误地发布了一些东西不可能。在最后的->Release()
,它说它打破了一个断点。
所以...还有其他人遇到过这种行为吗?我认为除非其他人经历过同样的事情,否则我不能得到答案。这太奇怪了......
// Uncomment this and it all works... like magic!
// #undef _DEBUG
#pragma region Includes
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <map>
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "dxgi.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Com Helpers
// track the refcounts on ->Release() :)
std::map<std::string, int> g_ComCounter;
template <typename Interface_t>
Interface_t** ComRelease(Interface_t** aPointer, LPCSTR aName) {
if(!aPointer) {
DebugBreak();
}
if(*aPointer) {
// save refcount for debug
g_ComCounter[aName] = (*aPointer)->Release();
*aPointer = nullptr;
}
printf("Destroyed %p (%s:%d).\r\n", *aPointer, aName, g_ComCounter[aName]);
return aPointer;
}
#define COM_RELEASE(Pointer) ComRelease(&Pointer, #Pointer)
template <typename Interface_t>
Interface_t** ComPointer(Interface_t** aPointer, LPCSTR aName) {
if(!aPointer) {
DebugBreak();
}
if(*aPointer) {
// save refcount for debug
g_ComCounter[aName] = (*aPointer)->Release();
*aPointer = nullptr;
}
printf("Prepared %p (%s:%d).\r\n", *aPointer, aName, g_ComCounter[aName]);
// Object is being Acquired
return aPointer;
}
#define COM_POINTER(Pointer) ComPointer(&Pointer, #Pointer)
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Window Proc
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMessage, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
PAINTSTRUCT vPainStruct = { 0 };
HDC vDc(nullptr);
switch(uMessage) {
case WM_PAINT:
vDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &vPainStruct);
EndPaint(hWnd, &vPainStruct);
return FALSE;
break;
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
// Don't erase background!
return TRUE;
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMessage, wParam, lParam);
}
#pragma endregion
#ifdef _CONSOLE
int wmain(int aArgc, const WCHAR* aArgv[]) {
#else
int wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
#endif
#pragma region Variables
HINSTANCE vInstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr);
HWND vHwnd = nullptr;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE vDriverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL vFeatureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
IDXGIFactory *vDxgiFactory = nullptr;
IDXGIAdapter *vDxgiAdapter = nullptr;
ID3D11Device *vD3dDevice = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext *vD3dContext = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain *vSwapChain = nullptr;
ID3D11Texture2D *vBackBuffer(nullptr);
ID3D11RenderTargetView *vRenderTargetView = nullptr;
#ifdef _DEBUG
ID3D11Debug *vDebugger = nullptr;
ID3D11InfoQueue *vInfoQueue = nullptr;
#endif
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Init Window
// Register class
WNDCLASSEX vWndClass;
ZeroMemory(&vWndClass, sizeof(vWndClass));
vWndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
vWndClass.style = 0; // CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW (draw in loop, no need for WM_PAINT)
vWndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
vWndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
vWndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
vWndClass.hInstance = vInstance;
vWndClass.hIcon = 0;
vWndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
vWndClass.hbrBackground = nullptr;
vWndClass.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
vWndClass.lpszClassName = L"D3d11Window";
vWndClass.hIconSm = 0;
if(!RegisterClassEx(&vWndClass)) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
// Create window
RECT vWindowRect = { 0, 0, 640, 480 };
AdjustWindowRect(&vWindowRect, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE);
vHwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, vWndClass.lpszClassName, L"D3D11", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
vWindowRect.right - vWindowRect.left, vWindowRect.bottom - vWindowRect.top,
nullptr, nullptr, vInstance,
nullptr);
if(!vHwnd) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(vHwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Initialization
RECT vClientRect = { 0 };
GetClientRect(vHwnd, &vClientRect);
UINT vWidth = vClientRect.right - vClientRect.left;
UINT vHeight = vClientRect.bottom - vClientRect.top;
if(FAILED(CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)COM_POINTER(vDxgiFactory)))) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vDxgiFactory->EnumAdapters(0, COM_POINTER(vDxgiAdapter)))) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL vRequestedFeatureLevels[] = {
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
// D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
// D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0
};
UINT vNumFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(vRequestedFeatureLevels);
UINT vDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
vDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif
if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDevice(
vDxgiAdapter,
vDriverType,
nullptr,
vDeviceFlags,
vRequestedFeatureLevels,
vNumFeatureLevels,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
COM_POINTER(vD3dDevice),
&vFeatureLevel,
COM_POINTER(vD3dContext)))) {
return 0;
}
#ifdef _DEBUG
if(FAILED(vD3dDevice->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11Debug), (LPVOID*)COM_POINTER(vDebugger)))) {
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vDebugger->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11InfoQueue), (LPVOID*)COM_POINTER(vInfoQueue)))) {
return 0;
}
vInfoQueue->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D11_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_CORRUPTION, true);
vInfoQueue->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D11_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR, true);
vDebugger->ReportLiveDeviceObjects(D3D11_RLDO_SUMMARY | D3D11_RLDO_DETAIL);
#endif
UINT vMsaaQuality = 0;
if(FAILED(vD3dDevice->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, 4, &vMsaaQuality)) || (vMsaaQuality < 1)) {
return 0;
}
printf("MsaaQuality: %d for 4\r\n", vMsaaQuality);
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC vSwapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vSwapChainDesc, sizeof(vSwapChainDesc));
vSwapChainDesc.BufferCount = 2;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = vWidth;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = vHeight;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_CENTERED;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4; // set 1 for the code to work vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = vMsaaQuality - 1;
vSwapChainDesc.OutputWindow = vHwnd;
vSwapChainDesc.Windowed = true;
vSwapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
vSwapChainDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
if(FAILED(vDxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(vD3dDevice, &vSwapChainDesc, COM_POINTER(vSwapChain)))) {
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)COM_POINTER(vBackBuffer)))) {
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vD3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(vBackBuffer, nullptr, COM_POINTER(vRenderTargetView)))) {
return 0;
}
vD3dContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &vRenderTargetView, nullptr);
D3D11_VIEWPORT vViewport = { 0 };
vViewport.Width = static_cast<FLOAT>(vWidth);
vViewport.Height = static_cast<FLOAT>(vHeight);
vViewport.MinDepth = D3D11_MIN_DEPTH;
vViewport.MaxDepth = D3D11_MAX_DEPTH;
vViewport.TopLeftX = 0;
vViewport.TopLeftY = 0;
vD3dContext->RSSetViewports(1, &vViewport);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Game Loop
MSG vMessage = { 0 };
while(WM_QUIT != vMessage.message) {
while(PeekMessage(&vMessage, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
TranslateMessage(&vMessage);
DispatchMessage(&vMessage);
}
if(WM_QUIT == vMessage.message) {
break;
}
#pragma region Render
float vClearColor[4] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
vD3dContext->ClearRenderTargetView(vRenderTargetView, vClearColor);
vSwapChain->Present(true, 0); // vsync
#pragma endregion
}
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Cleanup
if(vSwapChain) {
vSwapChain->SetFullscreenState(false, nullptr);
}
if(vD3dContext) {
vD3dContext->ClearState();
}
COM_RELEASE(vRenderTargetView);
COM_RELEASE(vBackBuffer);
COM_RELEASE(vSwapChain);
COM_RELEASE(vD3dContext);
COM_RELEASE(vD3dDevice);
COM_RELEASE(vDxgiFactory);
COM_RELEASE(vDxgiAdapter);
#ifdef _DEBUG
COM_RELEASE(vDebugger);
COM_RELEASE(vInfoQueue);
#endif
printf("\r\nREF COUNTS AFTER RELEASE():\r\n");
for(const auto& vComCount : g_ComCounter) {
printf("%s:%d\r\n", vComCount.first.c_str(), vComCount.second);
}
#pragma endregion
_getch();
return (int)vMessage.wParam;
}
帮助!
如果您希望我对代码进行评论以更好地解释逻辑,我会的。我收到的评论中提到了清楚解释问题和代码的事情......也许我不够清楚。
也许在我不打电话的某些对象内部有某种释放功能。也许我正在做一些乱序或错误的事情。但是我从一个声誉良好的网站上得到了这个。它与我目前正沉迷于自己的书中的Hello DirectX!
代码相匹配。
此代码段已被删除且极简主义。在尝试识别问题时,它是一个更复杂的修剪版本。另外,我删除了所有OOP,以便在一个易于理解的代码块中使用它。
现在有一个最后的问题:除了
SampleDesc
之外,还有另一种方法来平滑线条吗?
PS :这是Windows 7 x64,VS 2013 + 2014 CTP。并且在调试和释放模式下,卡支持它(边缘平滑)。它只是最终版本在调试模式下失败。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我不知道为什么你的代码崩溃了,但我想根据你的代码分享我的一些DirectX编程经验:)
如下一个更干净的代码,你将摆脱COM的复杂性,并专注于检查崩溃的代码逻辑。
#define DEBUG
#pragma region Includes
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "dxgi.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma endregion
// Release COM object
#define SAFE_RELEASE(P) if(P){ P->Release(); P = NULL;}
#pragma region Window Proc
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMessage, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
PAINTSTRUCT vPainStruct = { 0 };
HDC vDc(nullptr);
switch(uMessage) {
case WM_PAINT:
vDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &vPainStruct);
EndPaint(hWnd, &vPainStruct);
return FALSE;
break;
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
// Don't erase background!
return TRUE;
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMessage, wParam, lParam);
}
#pragma endregion
int main() {
#pragma region Variables
HINSTANCE vInstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr);
HWND vHwnd = nullptr;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE vDriverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL vFeatureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
IDXGIFactory *vDxgiFactory = NULL;
IDXGIAdapter *vDxgiAdapter = nullptr;
ID3D11Device *vD3dDevice = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext *vD3dContext = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain *vSwapChain = nullptr;
ID3D11Texture2D *vBackBuffer = NULL;
ID3D11RenderTargetView *vRenderTargetView = nullptr;
#ifdef _DEBUG
ID3D11Debug *vDebugger = nullptr;
ID3D11InfoQueue *vInfoQueue = nullptr;
#endif
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Init Window
// Register class
WNDCLASSEX vWndClass;
ZeroMemory(&vWndClass, sizeof(vWndClass));
vWndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
vWndClass.style = 0; // CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW (draw in loop, no need for WM_PAINT)
vWndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
vWndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
vWndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
vWndClass.hInstance = vInstance;
vWndClass.hIcon = 0;
vWndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
vWndClass.hbrBackground = nullptr;
vWndClass.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
vWndClass.lpszClassName = L"D3d11Window";
vWndClass.hIconSm = 0;
if(!RegisterClassEx(&vWndClass)) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
// Create window
RECT vWindowRect = { 0, 0, 640, 480 };
vHwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, vWndClass.lpszClassName, L"D3D11", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
vWindowRect.right - vWindowRect.left, vWindowRect.bottom - vWindowRect.top,
nullptr, nullptr, vInstance,
nullptr);
if(!vHwnd) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(vHwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Initialization
RECT vClientRect = { 0 };
GetClientRect(vHwnd, &vClientRect);
UINT vWidth = vClientRect.right - vClientRect.left;
UINT vHeight = vClientRect.bottom - vClientRect.top;
if(FAILED(CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)(&vDxgiFactory)))) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vDxgiFactory->EnumAdapters(0, &vDxgiAdapter))) {
DebugBreak();
return 0;
}
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL vRequestedFeatureLevels[] = {
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
// D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
// D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0
};
UINT vNumFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(vRequestedFeatureLevels);
UINT vDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
vDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif
if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDevice(
vDxgiAdapter,
vDriverType,
nullptr,
vDeviceFlags,
vRequestedFeatureLevels,
vNumFeatureLevels,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&vD3dDevice,
&vFeatureLevel,
&vD3dContext))) {
return 0;
}
UINT vMsaaQuality = 0;
if(FAILED(vD3dDevice->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, 4, &vMsaaQuality)) || (vMsaaQuality < 1)) {
return 0;
}
printf("MsaaQuality of max %d supported for count 4\r\n", vMsaaQuality);
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC vSwapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vSwapChainDesc, sizeof(vSwapChainDesc));
vSwapChainDesc.BufferCount = 2;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = vWidth;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = vHeight;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_CENTERED;
vSwapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4; // set 1 to work
vSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = vMsaaQuality - 1;
vSwapChainDesc.OutputWindow = vHwnd;
vSwapChainDesc.Windowed = true;
vSwapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
vSwapChainDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
if(FAILED(vDxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(vD3dDevice, &vSwapChainDesc, &vSwapChain))) {
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&vBackBuffer))) {
return 0;
}
if(FAILED(vD3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(vBackBuffer, nullptr, &vRenderTargetView))) {
return 0;
}
vD3dContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &vRenderTargetView, nullptr);
D3D11_VIEWPORT vViewport = { 0 };
vViewport.Width = static_cast<FLOAT>(vWidth);
vViewport.Height = static_cast<FLOAT>(vHeight);
vViewport.MinDepth = D3D11_MIN_DEPTH;
vViewport.MaxDepth = D3D11_MAX_DEPTH;
vViewport.TopLeftX = 0;
vViewport.TopLeftY = 0;
vD3dContext->RSSetViewports(1, &vViewport);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Game Loop
MSG vMessage = { 0 };
while(WM_QUIT != vMessage.message) {
while(PeekMessage(&vMessage, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
TranslateMessage(&vMessage);
DispatchMessage(&vMessage);
}
if(WM_QUIT == vMessage.message) {
break;
}
#pragma region Render
float vClearColor[4] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
vD3dContext->ClearRenderTargetView(vRenderTargetView, vClearColor);
vSwapChain->Present(true, 0); // vsync
#pragma endregion
}
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Cleanup
if(vSwapChain) {
vSwapChain->SetFullscreenState(false, nullptr);
}
if(vD3dContext) {
vD3dContext->ClearState();
}
SAFE_RELEASE(vRenderTargetView);
SAFE_RELEASE(vBackBuffer);
SAFE_RELEASE(vSwapChain);
SAFE_RELEASE(vD3dContext);
SAFE_RELEASE(vD3dDevice);
SAFE_RELEASE(vDxgiFactory);
SAFE_RELEASE(vDxgiAdapter);
#ifdef _DEBUG
SAFE_RELEASE(vDebugger);
SAFE_RELEASE(vInfoQueue);
#endif
#pragma endregion
_getch();
return (int)vMessage.wParam;
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
使用CheckMultisampleQualityLevels检查您的卡是否支持质量= 3。如果它只是针对线路我建议尝试alpha抗锯齿D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC.AntialiasedLineEnable