匹配多行并仅打印某些组

时间：2014-02-17 20:23:32

标签： regex perl

我正在编写一个列出所有具有pvolume功能的alsa设备的正则表达式 基本上是：

amixer | perl -0pe "s/Simple mixer control '(.*)',(.*)\n  Capabilities: .*pvolume.*\n(  .*\n)*(  (.*): Playback .*\[([0-9]+)%\].*\[(on|off)\]\n)/\2 - \1 (Vol. \6) (\7)\n/g"

但是这会打印出无法匹配的群组。

我尝试使用“-0ne”和“print if s / ...”但它仍然是相同的。

我怎样才能制作它只打印我想要的那些？

Amixer输出：

Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Limits: Playback 0 - 87
  Mono: Playback 81 [93%] [-4.50dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Headphone',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 87
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 87 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 87 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Speaker',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 87
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 71 [82%] [-12.00dB] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 71 [82%] [-12.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Bass Speaker',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
  Capabilities: pvolume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 255
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 31
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
  Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 3
  Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Default PCM',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
  Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Capture 0 - 31
  Front Left: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
  Front Right: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Auto-Mute Mode',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'Disabled' 'Enabled'
  Item0: 'Disabled'
Simple mixer control 'Digital',0
  Capabilities: cvolume
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Capture 0 - 120
  Front Left: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
  Front Right: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
Simple mixer control 'Internal Mic',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 31
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [off]
  Front Right: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Internal Mic Boost',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 3
  Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]

输出我的命令（使用标志-n和“print if”不会改变输出）

0 - Master (Vol. 93) (on)
0 - Headphone (Vol. 100) (on)
0 - Speaker (Vol. 82) (on)
Simple mixer control 'Bass Speaker',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
  Capabilities: pvolume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 255
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
0 - Mic (Vol. 100) (off)
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 3
  Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Default PCM',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
  Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Capture 0 - 31
  Front Left: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
  Front Right: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Auto-Mute Mode',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'Disabled' 'Enabled'
  Item0: 'Disabled'
Simple mixer control 'Digital',0
  Capabilities: cvolume
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Capture 0 - 120
  Front Left: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
  Front Right: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
0 - Internal Mic (Vol. 74) (off)
Simple mixer control 'Internal Mic Boost',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 3
  Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]

期望的输出：

0 - Master (Vol. 93) (on)
0 - Headphone (Vol. 100) (on)
0 - Speaker (Vol. 82) (on)
0 - Mic (Vol. 100) (off)
0 - Internal Mic (Vol. 74) (off)

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

使用-n标志代替-p;后者自动打印线条。并且然后添加print语句：例如：

$ cat .zshrc | perl -n -e "print if s/down/hello/g"

结果：

# Up and hello arrows search history matching input so far {{{
autoload hello-line-or-beginning-search
zle -N hello-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey "^[[B" hello-line-or-beginning-search

答案 1 :(得分：0)

这是一个可能的解决方案。使用/ mg选项的

 # /^Simple[ ]mixer[ ]control.*'([^']*)',(\d+).*\n[ ]{2}Capabilities:.+pvolume.*\n[ ]{2}Playback.*\n(?:[ ]{2}.*\n)*?[ ]{2}.*\[(\d+)%\].*\[(on|off)\]/

 ^ Simple [ ] mixer [ ] control .* 
 '
 ( [^']* )                     # (1)
 ',
 ( \d+ )                       # (2)
 .* \n 
 [ ]{2} Capabilities: .+ pvolume .* \n 
 [ ]{2} Playback .* \n 
 (?: [ ]{2} .* \n )*?
 [ ]{2} .* 
 \[
 ( \d+ )                       # (3)
 %\]
 .* 
 \[ 
 ( on | off )                  # (4)
 \]

Perl测试用例

 use strict;
 use warnings;

 $/ = undef;

 my $str = <DATA>;


 while ($str =~ /^Simple[ ]mixer[ ]control.*'([^']*)',(\d+).*\n[ ]{2}Capabilities:.+pvolume.*\n[ ]{2}Playback.*\n(?:[ ]{2}.*\n)*?[ ]{2}.*\[(\d+)%\].*\[(on|off)\]/mg)
 {
    print "$2 - $1 (Vol. $3) ($4)\n";
 }

  __DATA__

 Simple mixer control 'Master',0
   Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined
   Playback channels: Mono
   Limits: Playback 0 - 87
   Mono: Playback 81 [93%] [-4.50dB] [on]
 Simple mixer control 'Headphone',0
   Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Playback 0 - 87
   Mono:
   Front Left: Playback 87 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
   Front Right: Playback 87 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
 Simple mixer control 'Speaker',0
   Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Playback 0 - 87
   Mono:
   Front Left: Playback 71 [82%] [-12.00dB] [on]
   Front Right: Playback 71 [82%] [-12.00dB] [on]
 Simple mixer control 'Bass Speaker',0
   Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
   Playback channels: Mono
   Mono: Playback [off]
 Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
   Capabilities: pvolume
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Playback 0 - 255
   Mono:
   Front Left: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
   Front Right: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
 Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
   Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Playback 0 - 31
   Mono:
   Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
   Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
 Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
   Capabilities: volume
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: 0 - 3
   Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
   Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
 Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
   Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
   Playback channels: Mono
   Mono: Playback [off]
 Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Default PCM',0
   Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
   Playback channels: Mono
   Mono: Playback [on]
 Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
   Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
   Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Capture 0 - 31
   Front Left: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
   Front Right: Capture 26 [84%] [22.50dB] [on]
 Simple mixer control 'Auto-Mute Mode',0
   Capabilities: enum
   Items: 'Disabled' 'Enabled'
   Item0: 'Disabled'
 Simple mixer control 'Digital',0
   Capabilities: cvolume
   Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Capture 0 - 120
   Front Left: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
   Front Right: Capture 87 [72%] [13.50dB]
 Simple mixer control 'Internal Mic',0
   Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: Playback 0 - 31
   Mono:
   Front Left: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [off]
   Front Right: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [off]
 Simple mixer control 'Internal Mic Boost',0
   Capabilities: volume
   Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
   Limits: 0 - 3
   Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
   Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]

输出＆gt;＆gt; 

 0 - Master (Vol. 93) (on)
 0 - Headphone (Vol. 100) (on)
 0 - Speaker (Vol. 82) (on)
 0 - Mic (Vol. 100) (off)
 0 - Internal Mic (Vol. 74) (off)
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