我正在尝试创建一个C ++函数,该函数总共接受未知数量的参数,但它们始终与特定类型配对。
// logically, this is what the template Pair would be
// template<int, std::string> struct Pair {};
// desired:
// accept a const char * as a first parameter, and then in pairs ...
// integer, const char *
template <typename... Arguments> unsigned int onlyInPairs
(const std::string name, const Arguments& ... args) {
const unsigned numargs = sizeof...(Arguments);
// more magic would happen here with the parameters :)
return numargs;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
// only string, [num, string] [num, string] should work
// desire that the syntax be as simple as shown, and not require
// extra classes to be created (like a Tuple) for each pair.
// this should work...
auto count = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", 2, "HIJ"); // works
// this should not work, as it's not number, string
count = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", "NOTRIGHT", 2);
return 0;
}
我查看了参数包(reference),但似乎无法将我发现的文档应用于我的特定问题。如果没有正确指定参数,我想尝试在编译时捕获问题。
目标是尽可能使用没有模板噪声的语法,因为“对”总是这样(并且程序员会知道)。所以,我们想要int,string(重复)。
理想情况下,该解决方案适用于Visual Studio 2013的C ++编译器,但我接受任何有效的答案,并演示VS C ++当前可能存在的与此问题相关的缺点。
正在编写的代码最终将由精通技术的人员阅读,但不是经过正式培训的C / C ++程序员(如技术支持)。因此,我们试图让它尽可能地分散注意力。可以有2
- 16
个值对......所以要保持它免于分心,只需要数据。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
这是一种可能性。类模板Enforce
以递归方式从自身继承并在模板参数对上应用static_assert
,直到挑选出不执行任何操作的特化:
#include <type_traits>
#include <string>
template<typename...Args>
struct Enforce;
template<typename T, typename T1, typename T2, typename... Args>
struct Enforce<T, T1, T2, Args...> : Enforce<T, Args...> {
static_assert( std::is_constructible<T, T2>::value, "Wrong T2!");
};
template<typename T>
struct Enforce<T> {
};
template <typename... Arguments>
void onlyInPairs (const std::string name, const Arguments& ... args)
{
Enforce<std::string, Arguments...>();
}
int main()
{
onlyInPairs("this", 1, "works", 2, "fine");
//onlyInPairs("this", 1, "doesn't", 2, 3);
}
您可以使用递归typedef而不是递归继承。至少在gcc中,它应该编译得更快,噪音更少(警告基类中的非虚拟析构函数等)。
编辑:
这是另一个将检查结合在一起并保存结果的版本:
template<typename...Args>
struct Enforce;
template<typename T, typename T1, typename T2, typename... Args>
struct Enforce<T, T1, T2, Args...> {
static const bool value =
std::is_constructible<T,T2>::value &&
Enforce<T, Args...>::value;
};
template<typename T>
struct Enforce<T> : std::true_type {
};
现在,您可以在onlyInPairs
:
template <typename... Arguments>
void onlyInPairs (const std::string name, const Arguments& ... args)
{
static_assert( Enforce<std::string, Arguments...>::value , "Wrong second arg..." );
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
使用编译时递归:
void processArgPairs() {
// to stop recursion
}
template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename... Arguments>
void processArgPairs(Arg1 a, Arg2 b, Arguments&& ...args){
static_assert(std::is_constructible<int, Arg1>::value, "Wrong type of first argument - int expected");
static_assert(std::is_constructible<std::string, Arg2>::value, "Wrong type of second argument - string expected
processArgPairs(std::forward<Arguments>(args)...);
}
template <typename... Arguments> unsigned int onlyInPairs
(const std::string name, Arguments&& ... args) {
const unsigned numargs = sizeof...(Arguments);
processArgPairs(std::forward<Arguments>(args)...);
return numargs;
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
你说的模板噪音是什么?
void onlyInPairs(std::initializer_list<std::pair<int, std::string>>&& pairs) {}
int main() {
onlyInPairs({
{1, "abc"},
{2, "def"},
{3, "foo"},
});
}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
这样的东西?
template <typename... Arguments>
unsigned int onlyInPairs(const std::string name, const Arguments& ... args)
{
const unsigned numargs = sizeof...(Arguments);
check(args...);
return numargs;
}
template <typename... Arguments>
void check(const int i, const std::string name, const Arguments& ... args)
{
check(args...);
}
void check(const int i, const std::string name)
{
}
int main()
{
auto count = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", 2, "HIJ"); // works
count = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", "NOTRIGHT", 2); //compile error
return 0;
}
答案 4 :(得分:0)
这是一个相当老派的解决方案:使用is_convertible应该更干净
#include <string>
template <typename... Args> struct EnforcePairsHelper;
// terminal case
template <> struct EnforcePairsHelper<> {
enum { size = 0 };
};
// multiple specializations for reliable matching:
// only the last is really required here
template <typename... ArgTail>
struct EnforcePairsHelper<int, const char *, ArgTail...> {
enum { size = 2 + EnforcePairsHelper<ArgTail...>::size };
};
template <typename... ArgTail>
struct EnforcePairsHelper<int, char *, ArgTail...> {
enum { size = 2 + EnforcePairsHelper<ArgTail...>::size };
};
template <int N, typename... ArgTail>
struct EnforcePairsHelper<int, char [N], ArgTail...> {
enum { size = 2 + EnforcePairsHelper<ArgTail...>::size };
};
template <typename... Args> unsigned onlyInPairs (const std::string name,
const Args& ... args) {
const unsigned numargs = EnforcePairsHelper<Args...>::size;
// more magic would happen here with the parameters :)
return numargs;
}
int main() {
unsigned ok = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", 2, "HIJ");
// unsigned no = onlyInPairs("ABC", 1, "DEF", "NOTRIGHT", 2);
}