在编写不使用QML并且不依赖于新的Qt 5功能的Qt应用程序时,我们可以使用Qt 4和Qt 5编译它(除了少数源不兼容性)。
当我们想要使用Qt 5功能但希望回归到同等但效率较低的Qt 4解决方案时,我们只需使用#if
来检查Qt版本,例如:使用新的QStringLiteral
但在使用Qt 4进行编译时会回退到QString::fromUtf8
。
我们如何才能对QtQuick做同样的事情?请注意,可以在Qt 5中使用QDeclarativeView
和QtQuick 1.x
,但不会使用Qt 5中的新场景图。1.x
仅支持QDeclarativeView
2.x
仅支持QQuickView
,即使我不使用Quick 2.0中引入的功能。
我想要的是:
QDeclarativeView
和朋友;在QML中:import QtQuick 1.x
QQuickView
和朋友;在QML中:import QtQuick 2.x
QtQuick 1.x
,另一个用于QtQuick 2.x
关于C ++部分,这似乎很容易。在Qt 4中我们可以简单地添加:
#include <QApplication>
#include <QDeclarativeView>
#include <QDeclarativeEngine>
typedef QApplication QGuiApplication;
typedef QDeclarativeView QQuickView;
然后在Qt 4和Qt 5中使用QGuiApplication
,QQuickView
等等。但是当QML文件包含QtQuick
的导入声明时,我无法添加#if
在1.x和2.x之间做出决定。是否有正式的方法,比方说,添加别名以使QtQuick 1.x
在QQuickView
中工作(因此它实际上被解析为QtQuick 2.0
)?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我所做的是在部署它们时替换所有QML文件中的字符串QtQuick x.y
。如果源树中有一个文件夹qml
,并希望在构建树中拥有相同的qml
文件夹,则可以部署该文件夹,但替换该字符串以匹配所需的QtQuick版本。 / p>
以下解决方案适用于POSIX系统,因为它需要一些命令行工具;在Linux(Ubuntu)上测试过。也许有Windows命令行经验的人可以为Windows添加一个版本。
添加.pro
(以下代码假定在构建文件夹中,源文件夹可通过../src/
访问;如果不是这种情况更改***
评论的路径
// Define QT5 macro for use in C++, and select the correct module for QML:
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4) {
DEFINES += QT5
QT += quick
} else {
QT += declarative
}
// Define qmake variables for QtQuick version, and if you want, QtQuick Controls:
equals(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4) {
equals(QT_MINOR_VERSION, 7) {
QT_QUICK_VERSION = 1.0
}
equals(QT_MINOR_VERSION, 8) {
QT_QUICK_VERSION = 1.1
}
}
equals(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 5) {
QT_QUICK_VERSION = 2.$${QT_MINOR_VERSION}
equals(QT_MINOR_VERSION, 1): QT_QUICKCONTROLS_VERSION = 1.0
equals(QT_MINOR_VERSION, 2): QT_QUICKCONTROLS_VERSION = 1.1
equals(QT_MINOR_VERSION, 3): QT_QUICKCONTROLS_VERSION = 1.2
}
// Add a pre-build step which copies your qml folder
QtQuickVersion.target = FORCE
QtQuickVersion.commands = "rm -rf qml/;"
QtQuickVersion.commands += "cp -r ../src/qml/ .;" // <-- *** Here is the source path
!isEmpty(QT_QUICK_VERSION) {
QtQuickVersion.commands += "grep -rl 'QtQuick [0-9]\\.[0-9]' qml/ | xargs -r sed -i 's/QtQuick [0-9]\\.[0-9]/QtQuick $${QT_QUICK_VERSION}/g';"
}
!isEmpty(QT_QUICKCONTROLS_VERSION) {
QtQuickVersion.commands += "grep -rl 'QtQuick.Controls [0-9]\\.[0-9]' qml/ | xargs -r sed -i 's/QtQuick.Controls [0-9]\\.[0-9]/QtQuick.Controls $${QT_QUICKCONTROLS_VERSION}/g';"
}
// Give the Makefile target *any* name which will *not* be created
// as a file, so the step is always executed
PRE_TARGETDEPS += FORCE
QMAKE_EXTRA_TARGETS += QtQuickVersion
在C ++(main.cpp
)中,您可以为Qt 4创建一个QQuickView
,其回退到QDeclarativeView
:
#ifdef QT5
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQuickView>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#else
#include <QApplication>
#include <QDeclarativeView>
#include <QDeclarativeEngine>
typedef QApplication QGuiApplication;
typedef QDeclarativeView QQuickView;
// The following is the official fallback for QStringLiteral,
// see qstring.h in Qt 5 after #ifndef QStringLiteral */
#define QStringLiteral(str) QString::fromUtf8("" str "", sizeof(str) - 1)
#endif
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication a(argc, argv);
// (add qmlRegisterType etc.)
// Open the QML view with the main QML document:
QQuickView view;
view.setSource(QUrl::fromLocalFile(QStringLiteral("qml/main.qml")));
view.show();
// Needed for "Qt.quit()" within QML:
QObject::connect(view.engine(), SIGNAL(quit()), &a, SLOT(quit()));
// I normally use this sizing behavior:
view.setResizeMode(QQuickView::SizeRootObjectToView);
return a.exec();
}
上面代码打开的QML文件qml/main.qml
可能如下所示:
// This import will replaced with the largest supported QtQuick version:
import QtQuick 1.0
Rectangle {
width: 450
height: 200
Text {
anchors.centerIn: parent
horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
font.pointSize: Math.min(parent.width / 10, parent.height / 5)
// This text will also be replaced to show the correct QtQuick version:
text: "Hello from\nQtQuick 1.0!"
// Some fancy animations...
SequentialAnimation on scale {
running: true; loops: Animation.Infinite
NumberAnimation { from: 1; to: .6; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad; duration: 600 }
NumberAnimation { from: .6; to: 1; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad; duration: 600 }
}
SequentialAnimation on rotation {
running: true; loops: Animation.Infinite
NumberAnimation { from: -10; to: 10; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad; duration: 2000 }
NumberAnimation { from: 10; to: -10; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad; duration: 2000 }
}
}
MouseArea {
anchors.fill: parent
onClicked: Qt.quit()
}
}
QML文件包含一个import指令,它将选择正确的QtQuick版本(您可以在build文件夹中查看)。 Text
元素中的字符串也会被替换,因此您可以在此演示中轻松看到该版本。