我的问题最简单:
object test {
import scala.language.higherKinds
sealed trait IO[+F[+_], +A] {
def flatMap[G[+_] >: F[_], B](f: A => IO[G, B]): IO[G, B]
}
trait FileOp[+A]
val a: IO[FileOp, Int] = null
val b: IO[FileOp, String] = null
val c: IO[FileOp, String] = a flatMap (i => b)
}
这会给我:
type mismatch
found : test.IO[[+_]test.FileOp[_],String]
required: test.IO[test.FileOp,String]
val c: IO[FileOp, String] = a flatMap (i => b)
^
我期待(在flatMap调用中)F
和G
等于FileOp
和B
等于String
这是善良的是的,除了[+_]
之前和[_]
之后......
任何人都可以解释为什么返回类型不是我的预期,我该如何解决它??
P.S。这更接近我想用trait IO
表达的内容:
trait ResourceOp[+A]
trait FileOp[+A] extends ResourceOp[A]
trait DBOp[+A] extends ResourceOp[A]
def readFromFile(path: String): IO[FileOp, String] = null
def writeToDB(s: String): IO[DBOp, Int] = null
val combinedOp: IO[ResourceOp, String] = readFromFile("/txt") flatMap writeToDB
答案 0 :(得分:2)
在你的类型表达式G[+_] >: F[_]
中,由于_是你所说的“给定类型A,B G[A] >: F[B]
”,这不是你想说的。对于反例,您知道即使Seq[String]
,List[Int]
也不是Seq >: List
的超类型。相反,您的意思是对于任何给定类型A
,G[A] >: F[A]
请注意,def foo[A >: B]
相当于def foo[A,B](implicit B <:< A)
,
这是你想要的重新排列,它更接近你想要表达的内容:
object test {
import scala.language.higherKinds
sealed trait IO[+F[+_], +A] {
def flatMap[G[+_], B](f: A => IO[G, B])(implicit ev: <:<[F[A],G[A]]): IO[G, B]
}
trait ResourceOp[+A]
trait FileOp[+A] extends ResourceOp[A]
trait DBOp[+A] extends ResourceOp[A]
def readFromFile(path: String): IO[FileOp, String] = null
def writeToDB(s: String): IO[DBOp, Int] = null
val combinedOp = readFromFile("/txt").flatMap[ResourceOp,Int](writeToDB)
}
我所做的改变是将G&gt;:F要求移动为等效的隐含参数。现在,当你编译它时,你得到一个更好的错误:
foo.scala:5: error: covariant type A occurs in contravariant position in type <:<[F[A],G[A]] of value ev
def flatMap[G[+_], B](f: A => IO[G, B])(implicit ev: <:<[F[A],G[A]]): IO[G, B]
当我们查找&lt;:&lt;的定义时在Predef.scala中,我们可以验证A的实际上是逆变的:
sealed abstract class <:<[-From, +To] extends (From => To) with Serializable
所以我不相信你会逃避这个,除非你愿意在其类型参数中使ResourceOp不变。以下将编译:
object test {
import scala.language.higherKinds
sealed trait IO[+F[_], A] {
def flatMap[G[_], B](f: A => IO[G, B])(implicit ev: <:<[F[A],G[A]]): IO[G, B]
}
trait ResourceOp[A]
trait FileOp[A] extends ResourceOp[A]
trait DBOp[A] extends ResourceOp[A]
def readFromFile(path: String): IO[FileOp, String] = null
def writeToDB(s: String): IO[DBOp, Int] = null
val combinedOp = readFromFile("/txt").flatMap[ResourceOp,Int](writeToDB)
}