第一次发帖。正在研究Hartl的RoR教程，我陷入了失败的rspec测试。我仔细检查了代码，直接从网站上复制粘贴而不是打字，我仍然找不到错误。
感谢您的帮助！
规格/模型/ user_spec.rb
require 'spec_helper'
describe User do
before { @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar") }
subject { @user }
it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should respond_to(:remember_token) }
it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }
it { should respond_to(:admin) }
it { should respond_to(:microposts) }
it { should respond_to(:feed) }
it { should respond_to(:relationships) }
it { should respond_to(:follow!) }
it { should respond_to(:unfollow!) }
it { should respond_to(:followed_users) }
it { should respond_to(:reverse_relationships) }
it { should respond_to(:followers) }
it { should be_valid }
it { should_not be_admin }
describe "with admin attribute set to 'true'" do
before do
@user.save!
@user.toggle!(:admin)
end
it { should be_admin }
end
describe "when name is not present" do
before { @user.name = " " }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when email is not present" do
before { @user.email = " " }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when name is too long" do
before { @user.name = "a" * 51 }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when email format is invalid" do
it "should be invalid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org emample.user@foo. foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com foo@bar..com]
addresses.each do |invalid_address|
@user.email = invalid_address
expect(@user).not_to be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when email format is valid" do
it "should be valid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn]
addresses.each do |valid_address|
@user.email = valid_address
expect(@user).to be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when an email address is already taken" do
before do
user_with_same_email = @user.dup
user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
user_with_same_email.save
end
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "email address with mixed case" do
let(:mixed_case_email) { "Foo@ExAMPle.CoM" }
it "should be saved as lower-case" do
@user.email = mixed_case_email
@user.save
expect(@user.reload.email).to eq mixed_case_email.downcase
end
end
describe "when password is not present" do
before do
@user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", password: " ", password_confirmation: " " )
end
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "with a password that's too short" do
before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
it { should be_invalid }
end
describe "return value of authenticate method" do
before { @user.save }
let(:found_user) { User.find_by(email: @user.email) }
describe "with valid password" do
it { should eq found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
end
describe "with invalid password" do
let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }
it { should_not eq user_for_invalid_password }
specify { expect(user_for_invalid_password).to be_false }
end
end
describe "remember token" do
before { @user.save }
its(:remember_token) { should_not be_blank }
end
describe "micropost associations" do
before { @user.save }
let!(:older_micropost) do
FactoryGirl.create(:micropost, user: @user, created_at: 1.day.ago)
end
let!(:newer_micropost) do
FactoryGirl.create(:micropost, user: @user, created_at: 1.hour.ago)
end
it "should have the right microposts in the right order" do
expect(@user.microposts.to_a).to eq [newer_micropost, older_micropost]
end
it "should destroy associated microposts" do
microposts = @user.microposts.to_a
@user.destroy
expect(microposts).not_to be_empty
microposts.each do |micropost|
expect(Micropost.where(id: micropost.id)).to be_empty
end
end
describe "status" do
let(:unfollowed_post) do
FactoryGirl.create(:micropost, user: FactoryGirl.create(:user))
end
its(:feed) { should include(newer_micropost) }
its(:feed) { should include(older_micropost) }
its(:feed) { should_not include(unfollowed_post) }
end
end
describe "following" do
let(:other_user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before do
@user.save
@user.follow!(other_user)
end
it { should be_following(other_user) }
its(:followed_users) { should include(other_user) }
describe "followed user" do
subject { other_user }
its(:followers) { should include(@user) }
end
describe "and unfollowing" do
before { @user.unfollow!(other_user) }
it { should_not be_following(other_user) }
its(:followed_users) { should_not include(other_user) }
end
end
end
应用/模型/ user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :microposts, dependent: :destroy
has_many :relationships, foreign_key: "follower_id", dependent: :destroy
has_many :followed_users, through: :relationships, source: :followed
has_many :reverse_relationships, foreign_key: "followed_id",
class_name: "Relationship",
dependent: :destroy
has_many :followers, through: :reverse_relationships, source: :follower
has_secure_password
before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
before_create :create_remember_token
validates :name, presence: true,
length: { maximum: 50 }
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i
validates :email, presence: true,
format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
validates :password, length: { minimum: 6 }
def User.new_remember_token
SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
end
def User.encrypt(token)
Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(token.to_s)
end
def feed
# This is preliminary. See "following users" for the full implementation.
Micropost.where("user_id = ?", id)
end
def following?(other_user)
relationships.find_by(followed_id: other_user.id)
end
def follow!(other_user)
relationships.create!(followed_id: other_user.id)
end
def unfollow!(other_user)
relationships.find_by(followed_id: other_user.id).destroy!
end
private
def create_remember_token
self.remember_token = User.encrypt(User.new_remember_token)
end
end
规格/模型/ relationship_spec.rb
require 'spec_helper'
describe Relationship do
let(:follower) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
let(:followed) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
let(:relationship) { follower.relationships.build(followed_id: followed.id) }
subject { relationship }
it { should be_valid }
describe "follower methods" do
it { should respond_to(:follower) }
it { should respond_to(:followed) }
its(:follower) { should eq follower }
its(:followed) { should eq followed }
end
describe "when followed id is not present" do
before { relationship.followed_id = nil }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when follower id is not present" do
before { relationship.follower_id = nil }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
end
rspec spec / results
rspec spec/ -e "User following"
Run options: include {:full_description=>/User\ following/}
..F..
Failures:
1) User following followed user followers
Failure/Error: its(:followers) { should include(@user) }
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid:
PG::Error: ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = character varying
LINE 1: ...users" INNER JOIN "relationships" ON "users"."id" = "relatio...
^
HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts.
: SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" INNER JOIN "relationships" ON "users"."id" = "relationships"."follower_id" WHERE "relationships"."followed_id" = $1 AND "users"."id" = 15 LIMIT 1
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:177:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
Finished in 0.3616 seconds
5 examples, 1 failure
Failed examples:
rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:177 # User following followed user followers
Randomized with seed 7316
答案 0 :(得分：0)
PostgreSQL的错误很明显：
没有运算符匹配给定的名称和参数类型。您可能需要添加显式类型转换。
它指向此JOIN条件：
"users"."id" = "relationships"."follower_id"
您已在follower_id表中创建relationships列:string而不是:integer，PostgreSQL不会进行任何隐式类型转换背后。修复follower_id模型中Relationship的定义（AKA您的relationships表格）。