我有一个功能说foo :: [Integer] - > Bool,但它仅在传入参数对某些条件有效时才有效,否则应立即终止。
foo x | not $ isSorted x = False
| otherwise = some_recursive_stuff_here
where
isSorted ax = ax == sort ax
等
但是我不希望每次都检查不变量是否排序。是否有一种很好的方法可以处理另一种其他内部函数?
答案 0 :(得分:21)
您可以通过创建newtype
来随身携带您的不变量的“证明”。
newtype Sorted a = Sorted { fromSorted :: [a] }
sorted :: Ord a => [a] -> Sorted a
sorted = Sorted . sort
foo :: Sorted Integer -> Bool
foo (Sorted as) -> some_recursive_stuff_here
如果您将Sorted
构造函数隐藏在单独的模块中,那么代码的用户将无法在不创建排序证明的情况下使用foo
。他们也无法sort
Sorted
,因此您可以确定它只发生过一次。
如果您愿意,甚至可以支持证明维护操作。
instance Monoid (Sorted a) where
mempty = Sorted mempty
mappend (Sorted as) (Sorted bs) = Sorted (go as bs) where
-- lazy stable sort
go :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
go [] xs = xs
go xs [] = xs
go (x:xs) (y:ys) | x == y = x : y : go xs ys
| x < y = x : go xs (y:ys)
| x > y = y : go (x:xs) ys
(此代码现已在Hackage上提供:http://hackage.haskell.org/package/sorted)