我还没有完全理解抽象基类。这是我为我的作业创建的,它似乎主要工作,除了它不会返回通过派生类添加的任何内容。每当我选择hasDMA或缺少DMA时,我都不会从颜色或样式中返回结果。
Main.cpp的
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include "DMA.h"
using namespace std;
const int RECORDS = 1;
const int LEN = 40;
int main()
{
ABC * p_records[RECORDS];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < RECORDS; i++)
{
char temp[LEN];
int temprate;
char choice;
cout << "\nEnter label name: ";
cin.getline(temp, LEN);
cout << "Enter Rating: ";
cin >> temprate;
cout << "Enter 1 for lacksDMA or 2 for hasDMA: ";
while (cin >> choice && (choice != '1' && choice != '2'))
cout << "Enter 1, 2: ";
if (choice == '1')
{
char tempcolor[LEN];
cout << "Enter the color: ";
cin.getline(tempcolor, LEN);
p_records[i] = new lacksDMA(temp, temprate, tempcolor);
}
else
{
char tempstyle[LEN];
cout << "Enter the style: ";
cin.getline(tempstyle, LEN);
p_records[i] = new hasDMA(tempstyle, temp, temprate);
}
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
}
cout << endl;
for (i = 0; i < RECORDS; i++)
{
p_records[i]->View();
cout << endl;
}
for (i = 0; i < RECORDS; i++)
{
delete p_records[i];
}
cout << "\nPress any key to continue...";
cin.sync();
_getch();
return 0;
}
DMA.cpp
#include "DMA.h"
using namespace std;
ABC::ABC(const char * l, int r)
{
label = new char [strlen(l) + 1];
strcpy(label, l);
rating = r;
}
ABC::ABC(const ABC & rs)
{
label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
strcpy(label, rs.label);
rating = rs.rating;
}
ABC::~ABC()
{
}
ABC & ABC::operator=(const ABC & rs)
{
if (this == &rs)
return *this;
delete [] label;
label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
strcpy(label, rs.label);
rating = rs.rating;
return *this;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const ABC & rs)
{
rs.View();
return os;
}
void ABC::View() const
{
cout << "\nLabel: " << label << endl;
cout << "Rating: " << rating << endl;
}
baseDMA::baseDMA(const char * l, int r) : ABC(l,r)
{
}
lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * l, int r, const char * c) : ABC(l,r)
{
strncpy(color, c, 39);
color[39] = '\0';
}
lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const ABC &rs, const char * c) : ABC(rs)
{
strncpy(color, c, 39);
color[39] = '\0';
}
void lacksDMA::View() const
{
ABC::View();
cout << "Color: " << color << endl;
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const char * l, int r) : ABC(l,r)
{
style = new char [strlen(s) + 1];
strcpy(style, s);
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const ABC & rs) : ABC(rs)
{
style = new char [strlen(s) + 1];
strcpy(style, s);
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs) : ABC(hs)
{
style = new char [strlen(hs.style) + 1];
strcpy(style, hs.style);
}
hasDMA::~hasDMA()
{
delete [] style;
}
void hasDMA::View() const
{
ABC::View();
cout << "Style: " << style << endl;
}
DMA.h
#ifndef DMA_H_
#define DMA_H_
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Abstract Base Class
class ABC
{
private:
char * label;
int rating;
public:
ABC(const char * l = "null", int r = 0);
ABC(const ABC & rs);
virtual ~ABC() = 0;
virtual ABC & operator=(const ABC & rs);
virtual void View() const;
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const ABC & rs);
};
// Former Base Class Using DMA
class baseDMA: public ABC
{
private:
public:
baseDMA(const char * l = "null", int r = 0);
};
// derived class without DMA
// no destructor needed
// uses implicit copy constructor
// uses implicit assignment operator
class lacksDMA : public ABC
{
private:
char color[40];
public:
lacksDMA(const char * l = "null", int r = 0, const char * c = "blank");
lacksDMA(const ABC & rs, const char * c);
virtual void View() const;
};
// derived class with DMA
class hasDMA : public ABC
{
private:
char * style;
public:
hasDMA(const char * s = "none", const char * l = "null", int r = 0);
hasDMA(const char * s, const ABC & rs);
hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs);
~hasDMA();
hasDMA & operator = (const hasDMA & rs);
void View() const;
};
#endif
答案 0 :(得分:0)
在评论中,您说显示字符串“Color:”,但不显示examaple输入“red”。因为显示“颜色:”,这不是代码的抽象/虚拟部分失败的问题(否则甚至不会显示“颜色:”)。
失败在输入中。当您读取“1”或“2”的选择时,您只读取一个字符,但用户实际上也输入了额外的新行,因此下一个cin.getline
将消耗此额外的新行并返回一个空字符串。对于所有输入,您应该坚持使用cin.getline
,即使输入只是一个字符,即使输入是数字。更容易永远不要使用cin >>
,并且自己处理输入中的错误,而不是将operator>>
与getline
混合,然后在它们不能很好地协同工作时处理所有边界情况。 / p>
尽管这不是答案的一部分,但这里有一些一般建议:
1)在C ++中尽可能避免使用new char[x]
。如果std::string
不够好,请使用std::vector<char>
表示字符串,std::string
表示非常罕见的情况。
1b)你在delete [] label
的析构函数中忘记了ABC
。如果它是std::string
你就不必担心这些事情。
2)源文件(.cpp)中的use namespace std
是可以的,并且仅在所有#includes
之后,但从不在头文件(.h)中使用它。决不!在标头文件中使用全名(例如std::string
而不是string
)
编辑:所以,需要一些代码示例。就像我说的那样,坚持cin.getline
,并避免operator>>
,即使输入只是一个字符,即使输入是一个整数:
将行cin >> temprate;
替换为:
cin.getline(temp, LEN);
temprate = strtol(temp, NULL, 10);
替换两行while
循环
while (cin >> choice && (choice != '1' && choice != '2'))
cout << "Enter 1, 2: ";
这些for
行在中间退出(我首选的无限循环方式):
for (;;)
{
cin.getline(temp, LEN);
choice = temp[0];
if (choice == '1' || choice == '2')
break;
cout << "Enter 1, 2: ";
}