我正在尝试使用NASM,即Paul Carter博士的pcasm-book.pdf - http://www.drpaulcarter.com/pcasm/ - 在我的Mac OS X Snow Leopard上学习装配。
我正在尝试将之前编译的C样本链接到asm样本:
gcc first.o driver.c asm_io.o -o first
但它正在回归它:
driver.c:3: warning: ‘cdecl’ attribute ignored
ld: warning: in first.o, **file is not of required architecture**
ld: warning: in asm_io.o, file is not of required architecture
Undefined symbols:
"_asm_main", referenced from:
_main in ccjLqYJn.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
我正在使用Mach-o格式编译asm样本,我没有错误:
nasm -f macho **first.asm**
nasm -f macho asm_io.asm
如果我尝试在driver.c中仅使用gcc -c,使用ld链接所有目标文件,则ld似乎不链接driver.o格式。
ld -o first asm_io.o first.o driver.o
它返回:
ld: warning: in driver.o, file is not of required architecture
Undefined symbols:
"_putchar", referenced from:
print_char in asm_io.o
print_nl in asm_io.o
"_printf", referenced from:
print_int in asm_io.o
print_string in asm_io.o
push_of in asm_io.o
sub_dump_stack in asm_io.o
stack_line_loop in asm_io.o
sub_dump_mem in asm_io.o
mem_outer_loop in asm_io.o
mem_hex_loop in asm_io.o
sub_dump_math in asm_io.o
tag_loop in asm_io.o
print_real in asm_io.o
invalid_st in asm_io.o
"_scanf", referenced from:
read_int in asm_io.o
"_getchar", referenced from:
read_char in asm_io.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for inferred architecture i386
有什么问题?在OS X上使用gcc和NASM的正确格式是什么?
谢谢。 丹尼尔科赫
答案 0 :(得分:5)
“文件不是必需的体系结构”表示您正在尝试链接具有不同体系结构的目标文件:可能是x86_64和i386。因为看起来您的nasm输出是i386,请尝试将-arch i386
与gcc一起使用。您还可以使用file
显示给定对象文件或库的体系结构。
% touch foo.c ; gcc -c foo.c
% file foo.o
foo.o: Mach-O 64-bit object x86_64
% gcc -c -arch i386 foo.c
% file foo.o
foo.o: Mach-O object i386