我有两个不同的文件,我想逐行比较它们的内容,并将它们的公共内容写在不同的文件中。请注意,它们都包含一些空格。 这是我的伪代码:
file1 = open('some_file_1.txt', 'r')
file2 = open('some_file_2.txt', 'r')
FO = open('some_output_file.txt', 'w')
for line1 in file1:
for line2 in file2:
if line1 == line2:
FO.write("%s\n" %(line1))
FO.close()
file1.close()
file2.close()
然而,通过这样做,我的 FO 文件中有很多空格。似乎也写了常见的空格。我只想写文本部分。有人能帮帮我吗。
例如:我的第一个文件(file1)包含数据:
Config:
Hostname = TUVALU
BT:
TS_Ball_Update_Threshold = 0.2
BT:
TS_Player_Search_Radius = 4
BT:
Ball_Template_Update = 0
而第二个文件(file2)包含数据:
Pole_ID = 2
Width = 1280
Height = 1024
Color_Mode = 0
Sensor_Scale = 1
Tracking_ROI_Size = 4
Ball_Template_Update = 0
如果您注意到,每个文件的最后两行是相同的,因此,我想在 FO 文件中写入此文件。但是,我的方法的问题是,它也编写了常见的空白区域。我应该使用正则表达式来解决这个问题吗?我没有正则表达式的经验。
答案 0 :(得分:60)
此解决方案一次读取两个文件,排除空行,并打印公共行,无论它们在文件中的位置如何:
with open('some_file_1.txt', 'r') as file1:
with open('some_file_2.txt', 'r') as file2:
same = set(file1).intersection(file2)
same.discard('\n')
with open('some_output_file.txt', 'w') as file_out:
for line in same:
file_out.write(line)
答案 1 :(得分:8)
又一个例子......
from __future__ import print_function #Only for Python2
with open('file1.txt') as f1, open('file2.txt') as f2, open('outfile.txt', 'w') as outfile:
for line1, line2 in zip(f1, f2):
if line1 == line2:
print(line1, end='', file=outfile)
如果您想消除常见的空白行,只需将if语句更改为:
if line1.strip() and line1 == line2:
.strip()
删除所有前导空格和尾随空格,所以如果这就是一行,那么它将变为空字符串""
,这被认为是假的。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
一旦文件对象被迭代,它就会被激活。
>>> f = open('1.txt', 'w')
>>> f.write('1\n2\n3\n')
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open('1.txt', 'r')
>>> for line in f: print line
...
1
2
3
# exausted, another iteration does not produce anything.
>>> for line in f: print line
...
>>>
使用file.seek
(或关闭/打开文件)来回放文件:
>>> f.seek(0)
>>> for line in f: print line
...
1
2
3
答案 3 :(得分:4)
如果在文件之间保留订单,您可能也更喜欢difflib
。虽然Robᵩ的结果是交叉口的真正标准,但你可能实际上正在寻找粗略的差异:
from difflib import Differ
with open('cfg1.txt') as f1, open('cfg2.txt') as f2:
differ = Differ()
for line in differ.compare(f1.readlines(), f2.readlines()):
if line.startswith(" "):
print(line[2:], end="")
也就是说,这与你要求的行为有所不同(顺序很重要),即使在这种情况下会产生相同的输出。
答案 4 :(得分:2)
如果您正在寻找两个文件之间的区别,那么这可能会有所帮助:
with open('first_file', 'r') as file1:
with open('second_file, 'r') as file2:
difference = set(file1).difference(file2)
#We can use intersection() method instead of difference() if we need to print the common items
difference.discard('\n')
with open('diff.txt', 'w') as file_out:
for line in difference:
file_out.write(line)
答案 5 :(得分:0)
我刚刚遇到了同样的挑战,但我想“如果你能用简单的”grep“解决它,为什么用Python编程?这导致了以下Python代码:
import subprocess
from subprocess import PIPE
try:
output1, errors1 = subprocess.Popen(["c:\\cygwin\\bin\\grep", "-Fvf" ,"c:\\file1.txt", "c:\\file2.txt"], shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE).communicate();
output2, errors2 = subprocess.Popen(["c:\\cygwin\\bin\\grep", "-Fvf" ,"c:\\file2.txt", "c:\\file1.txt"], shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE).communicate();
if (len(output1) + len(output2) + len(errors1) + len(errors2) > 0):
print ("Compare result : There are differences:");
if (len(output1) + len(output2) > 0):
print (" Output differences : ");
print (output1);
print (output2);
if (len(errors1) + len(errors2) > 0):
print (" Errors : ");
print (errors1);
print (errors2);
else:
print ("Compare result : Both files are equal");
except Exception as ex:
print("Compare result : Exception during comparison");
print(ex);
raise;
这背后的诀窍如下:
grep -Fvf file1.txt file2.txt
验证file2.txt中的所有条目是否都存在于file1.txt中。通过在两个方向上执行此操作,我们可以看到两个文件的内容是否“相等”。我在引号之间加“相等”,因为这种工作方式会忽略重复的行。
显然,这只是一个示例:您可以通过任何命令行文件比较工具替换grep
。
答案 6 :(得分:0)
试试这个:
from __future__ import with_statement
filename1 = "G:\\test1.TXT"
filename2 = "G:\\test2.TXT"
with open(filename1) as f1:
with open(filename2) as f2:
file1list = f1.read().splitlines()
file2list = f2.read().splitlines()
list1length = len(file1list)
list2length = len(file2list)
if list1length == list2length:
for index in range(len(file1list)):
if file1list[index] == file2list[index]:
print file1list[index] + "==" + file2list[index]
else:
print file1list[index] + "!=" + file2list[index]+" Not-Equel"
else:
print "difference inthe size of the file and number of lines"