要查看的相关方法有： init ，genTexture，onDisplayEvent和table_leg_model。
'wood1.png'是64x64图像。
代码：
import Image
from math import cos
from math import pi
from math import sin
from numpy import array
from numpy import uint8
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from sys import argv
# Classes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class AppGL(object):
def __init__(self, title, position=(100, 100), size=(400, 400)):
# Properties -----------------------------------------------------------
self.angle_delta = 4.0
self.position = position
self.rotateX = [0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
self.rotateY = [0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
self.size = size
self.translate = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
self.textures_index = {
'wood1': 0,
}
self.textures = array([0] * len(self.textures_index), uint8)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# General initialization
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glGenTextures(len(self.textures), self.textures)
self.genTexture('wood1', 'textures/wood1.png')
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
glutInit(argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
glutCreateWindow(title)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Callbacks ------------------------------------------------------------
glutDisplayFunc(self.onDisplayEvent)
glutKeyboardFunc(self.onKeyEvent)
glutMotionFunc(self.onMouseMotionEvent)
glutMouseFunc(self.onMouseButtonEvent)
glutReshapeFunc(self.onReshapeEvent)
glutSpecialFunc(self.onSpecialKeyEvent)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Arrays ---------------------------------------------------------------
data = []
#data.extend(table_model(0.4, 40))
data.extend(table_leg_model())
#data.extend(table_model(0.2, 40))
glInterleavedArrays(GL_T2F_V3F, 0, array(data, "f"))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def genTexture(self, index, path):
img = Image.open(path)
texture_data = array(list(img.getdata()), uint8)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.textures[self.textures_index[index]])
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT)
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img.size[0], img.size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture_data)
def onDisplayEvent(self):
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
glLoadIdentity()
gluLookAt(0, 0, 4, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0)
glTranslatef(*self.translate)
glRotatef(*self.rotateX)
glRotatef(*self.rotateY)
# Visual scene ---------------------------------------------------------
glPushMatrix()
# Table -----------------------~
#glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 80, 2), "d"))
#glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(1, 80, 2), "d"))
#glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 80, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 80), "d"))
getMatrixHead()
glTranslatef(-0.1, -0.1, 0)
#glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(80, 90), "d"))
glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 10), "d"))
#getMatrixHead()
#glTranslatef(0, 0, 1)
#glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(90, 170, 2), "d"))
#glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(91, 170, 2), "d"))
#glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 80, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(90, 170), "d"))
glPopMatrix()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
glutSwapBuffers()
def onKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
change = True
if key == 'a':
self.translate[0] += 1
elif key == 'd':
self.translate[0] -= 1
elif key == 's':
self.translate[1] += 1
elif key == 'w':
self.translate[1] -= 1
elif key == 'q':
self.translate[2] += 1
elif key == 'e':
self.translate[2] -= 1
else:
change = False
if change: glutPostRedisplay()
def onMouseMotionEvent(self, x, y):
pass
def onMouseButtonEvent(self, button, state, x, y):
pass
def onReshapeEvent(self, width, height):
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(60.0, width / height, 1.0, 100.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
def onSpecialKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
change = True
if key == GLUT_KEY_UP:
self.rotateX[0] += self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
self.rotateX[0] -= self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
self.rotateY[0] += self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
self.rotateY[0] -= self.angle_delta
else:
change = False
if change: glutPostRedisplay()
def run(self):
glutMainLoop()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Functions --------------------------------------------------------------------
def getMatrixHead():
glPopMatrix()
glPushMatrix()
def table_model(radius, number_of_points):
delta = 2 * pi / (number_of_points - 1)
points = []
for i in xrange(number_of_points):
points.extend((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0.05))
points.extend((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0))
return points
def table_leg_model():
return (
0, 0, 0, 0.2, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0.2, 1.0,
1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, 1, 0, 0, 1.0,
#0, 0, 0.2, 0, 0,
#0, 1, 0.2, 0, 1.0,
#1, 0, 0.2, 0.2, 0,
#1, 1, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0,
#0, 0, 0, 0.2, 0,
#0, 1, 0, 0.2, 1.0,
)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main -------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
AppGL("Moe's Tavern", (300, 100), (800, 600)).run()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
源代码也可以在这里找到〜＆gt; https://github.com/EPadronU/TavernGL/blob/master/appgl.py
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我只会记下让我感到好奇的名单：
函数getMatrixHead毫无意义，至少是命名。最好只删掉堆栈中的内容并复制下面的内容。
然后你做出尝试“初始化”OpenGL的典型新手错误。不要那样做。除了加载纹理或VBO数据外，只能从显示功能调用OpenGL，而无处其他。如果你在调用OpenGL函数时进行了回溯，那么它应该只发生因为最终因为调用了display。如果你这样做了，你就没有在实际的OpenGL上下文之前调用OpenGL：只有在之后创建了一个OpenGL上下文OpenGL调用才有效。如果在调用glutCreateWindow
现在看看那段代码：
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glGenTextures(len(self.textures), self.textures)
self.genTexture('wood1', 'textures/wood1.png')
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
glutInit(argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
glutCreateWindow(title)
在有上下文之前，您正在进行OpenGL调用。如果你用以下方式编写它就可以了（我也冒昧地为它提供了一个很好的信息加载屏幕）
import Image
from math import cos
from math import pi
from math import sin
from numpy import array
from numpy import uint8
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from sys import argv
# Classes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class AppGL(object):
def __init__(self, title, position=(100, 100), size=(400, 400)):
# Properties -----------------------------------------------------------
self.angle_delta = 4.0
self.position = position
self.rotateX = [0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
self.rotateY = [0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
self.size = size
self.translate = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
self.textures = dict()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
glutInit(argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
glutCreateWindow(title)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Callbacks ------------------------------------------------------------
glutDisplayFunc(self.onDisplayEvent)
glutKeyboardFunc(self.onKeyEvent)
glutMotionFunc(self.onMouseMotionEvent)
glutMouseFunc(self.onMouseButtonEvent)
glutReshapeFunc(self.onReshapeEvent)
glutSpecialFunc(self.onSpecialKeyEvent)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Arrays ---------------------------------------------------------------
self.tablelegmodel = array( list(table_leg_model()), "f")
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def loadTexture(self, path):
if path in self.textures.keys():
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.textures[path])
return
glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT)
glClearColor(0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 1.)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glRasterPos3f(-0.9, 0.9, 0)
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glutBitmapString(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18, "Loading Texture " + path)
glFinish()
glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPopMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPopMatrix()
img = Image.open(path)
texture_data = array(list(img.getdata()), uint8)
texID = array([0], uint8)
glGenTextures(1, texID)
texID = texID[0]
self.textures[path] = texID
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT)
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img.size[0], img.size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture_data)
def onDisplayEvent(self):
width, height = self.size
aspect = float(width) / float(height)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(60.0, aspect, 1.0, 100.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
gluLookAt(0, 0, 4, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0)
glTranslatef(*self.translate)
glRotatef(*self.rotateX)
glRotatef(*self.rotateY)
# Visual scene ---------------------------------------------------------
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(-0.1, -0.1, 0)
self.loadTexture('textures/wood1.png')
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glInterleavedArrays(GL_T2F_V3F, 0, self.tablelegmodel)
glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 10), "d"))
glPopMatrix()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
glutSwapBuffers()
def onKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
if key == 'a':
self.translate[0] += 1
elif key == 'd':
self.translate[0] -= 1
elif key == 's':
self.translate[1] += 1
elif key == 'w':
self.translate[1] -= 1
elif key == 'q':
self.translate[2] += 1
elif key == 'e':
self.translate[2] -= 1
else:
return
glutPostRedisplay()
def onMouseMotionEvent(self, x, y):
pass
def onMouseButtonEvent(self, button, state, x, y):
pass
def onReshapeEvent(self, width, height):
self.size = width, height
glutPostRedisplay()
def onSpecialKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
if key == GLUT_KEY_UP:
self.rotateX[0] += self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
self.rotateX[0] -= self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
self.rotateY[0] += self.angle_delta
elif key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
self.rotateY[0] -= self.angle_delta
else:
return
glutPostRedisplay()
def run(self):
glutMainLoop()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def table_model(radius, number_of_points):
delta = 2 * pi / (number_of_points - 1)
points = []
for i in xrange(number_of_points):
points.append((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0.05))
points.append((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0))
return points
def table_leg_model():
return (
0, 0, 0, 0.2, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0.2, 1.0,
1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, 1, 0, 0, 1.0,
#0, 0, 0.2, 0, 0,
#0, 1, 0.2, 0, 1.0,
#1, 0, 0.2, 0.2, 0,
#1, 1, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0,
#0, 0, 0, 0.2, 0,
#0, 1, 0, 0.2, 1.0,
)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main -------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
AppGL("Moe's Tavern", (300, 100), (800, 600)).run()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------