如何在Qt / QML中实现3D深度和阴影？

Question

我正在为Ubuntu Touch平台制作一个时钟，并且已经获得了我需要实现的设计。所需的实现如图1所示。我做了它的基本实现，如图2所示。目前它们是两个矩形，半径相互固定，带有彩色背景。如果您需要一个起点（代码明智），请查看http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-clock-dev/ubuntu-clock-app/trunk/view/head:/common/AnalogFaceBase.qml

为了达到深度和阴影，我需要使用哪些Qt / QML效果？如果我知道需要哪些效果，我可以自己调整值。

注1：忽略时钟标记和2张图像之间的色差。这是我知道如何解决的问题。

注2：请提供文档链接，以便我可以阅读文档以根据需要调整以匹配所需的设计

Answer 1

它不是真正的3D深度，只能轻松实现轻微的高光/阴影。这是一个简单的环的例子：

import QtQuick 2.0;
import QtGraphicalEffects 1.0;

Rectangle {
    id: window;
    width: 400;
    height: 400;
    gradient: Gradient { // UbuntuTouch-like background
        GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "#c05c7c"; }
        GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "#d56a59"; }
    }

    property int offset : 2;
    property int size   : 50;

    Item { // outter circle
        id: circleOutter;
        width: 250;
        height: width;
        anchors.centerIn: parent;

        Canvas {  // draws the ring
            opacity: 0.35;
            antialiasing: true;
            contextType: "2d";
            anchors.fill: parent;
            onPaint: {
                if (context) {
                    context.reset ();
                    context.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
                    context.fillStyle = "black";
                    context.beginPath ();
                    context.ellipse (0, 0, width, height);
                    context.fill ();
                    context.globalCompositeOperation = "xor";
                    context.fillStyle = "black";
                    context.beginPath ();
                    context.ellipse (circleInner.x, circleInner.y, circleInner.width, circleInner.height);
                    context.fill ();
                }
            }
            onWidthChanged:  { requestPaint (); }
            onHeightChanged: { requestPaint (); }
        }
        Rectangle { // draws the outter shadow/highlight
            id: sourceOutter;
            radius: (width / 2);
            antialiasing: true;
            gradient: Gradient {
                GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "black"; }
                GradientStop { position: 0.5; color: "transparent"; }
                GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "white"; }
            }
            anchors {
                fill: parent;
                margins: -offset;
            }
        }
        Rectangle { // mask for outer 3D effect
            id: maskOutter;
            color: "transparent";
            radius: (width / 2);
            antialiasing: true;
            border {
                width: offset;
                color: "black";
            }
            anchors.fill: sourceOutter;
        }
        OpacityMask { // outter effect
            opacity: 0.65;
            source: ShaderEffectSource {
                sourceItem: sourceOutter;
                hideSource: true;
            }
            maskSource: ShaderEffectSource {
                sourceItem: maskOutter;
                hideSource: true;
            }
            anchors.fill: sourceOutter;
        }
        Item { // inner circle
            id: circleInner;
            anchors {
                fill: parent;
                margins: size;
            }

            Rectangle { // draws the inner highlight / shadow
                id: sourceInner;
                radius: (width / 2);
                antialiasing: true;
                gradient: Gradient {
                    GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "white"; }
                    GradientStop { position: 0.5; color: "transparent"; }
                    GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "black"; }
                }
                anchors {
                    fill: parent;
                    margins: -offset;
                }
            }
            Rectangle { // mask for inner 3D effect
                id: maskInner;
                color: "transparent";
                radius: (width / 2);
                antialiasing: true;
                border {
                    width: offset;
                    color: "black";
                }
                anchors.fill: sourceInner;
            }
            OpacityMask { // inner effect
                opacity: 0.65;
                source: ShaderEffectSource {
                    sourceItem: sourceInner;
                    hideSource: true;
                }
                maskSource: ShaderEffectSource {
                    sourceItem: maskInner;
                    hideSource: true;
                }
                anchors.fill: sourceInner;
            }
        }
    }
}

诀窍是绘制黑色透明白色渐变并遮盖它们以仅在圆圈周围显示细线。

Answer 2

深度不存在。您可以使用图形效果中的投影：http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-5.0/qtgraphicaleffects/graphicaleffects.html#drop-shadow