Question

这是我关于链接列表的最后一个question的继续。我已经做了一些工作，我陷入了一些我需要实现的功能。我现在质疑的是destroy（）函数。

应该释放每个list_项的内存。方法是从前到后递归删除每个list_item，直到找到NULL。但是由于某种原因，它只会从结构中删除键值。节点仍在那里。

这是代码我在list_ destroy（）中注释删除（my_ this）的原因是检查list_item是否被删除。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct list_item
{
    int key;                // identifies the data
    double value;           // the data stored
    struct list_item* next; // a pointer to the next data
};

// Why do you need this? And why would you want it anyway?
struct my_list
{
    struct list_item* first; // a pointer to the first element of the list
};

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_init
//| Description: Initiate the list to an empty list
//| Input:       A pointer to the uninitialized list
//| Result:      The list is empty
//| Conditions:  Assumes the list is uninitialized
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void list_init(struct my_list* my_this)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 1 line)
    //set the list NULL at beginning
    my_this->first = NULL;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_add
//| Description: Insert a new key, value pair in a sorted list
//| Input:       The list to insert in and the key, value to insert
//| Result:      The list is sorted according to keys and include the
//|              new key, value pair
//| Conditions:  The list is assumed to be sorted before the insert
//|              Duplicate keys are allowed. The order of duplicate
//|              keys is undefined
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void list_add(struct my_list* my_this, int key, double value)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 23 lines)

    //create new list_item node
    list_item* new_node;

    //allocate memory to it
    new_node = new list_item;

    //adding values
    new_node->key = key;
    new_node->value = value;

    if ( my_this->first != NULL)
    {
        new_node->next = my_this->first;
    }
    else
    {
        new_node->next = NULL;
    }
    my_this->first = new_node;

}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_remove
//| Description: Remove the value with key from a sorted list
//| Input:       The list to remove from and the key of the value to remove
//| Result:      The list is sorted and do not contain a value with that key
//| Conditions:  The list is assumed to be sorted before the insert
//|              If duplicates of the key to remove exist only is removed.
//|              It is undefined which of the duplicates that are removed.
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void list_remove(struct my_list* my_this, int key)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 23 lines)
    list_item *curr;

    //allokera minne
    curr = new list_item;
    curr = my_this->first;

    list_item *prev = new list_item;

    for(int i=0; i<key;i++)
    {
      prev = curr;
      curr = curr->next;

    }
    prev->next = curr->next;
    delete(curr);
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      destroy
//| Description: First destroy any next list item, then release the
//|              memory of the specified list item.
//|              This will recursively destroy an list starting on this item.
//| Input:       The list item to relese memory for (delete)
//| Result:      The memory used by the list item, and any linked items,
//|              are reclaimed by the OS
//|              Further use of the list item is invalid
//| Conditions:  The item is a pointer allocated with new and not
//|              deleted before
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void destroy(struct list_item* item)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 5 lines)
    list_item *temp = new list_item;


    if(item)
    {
        temp = item;
        item = temp->next;
        delete(temp);
        destroy(item);
    }


}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_destroy
//| Description: Free the memory of an entire list.
//| Input:       The list to destroy.
//| Result:      All memory used by the list is reclaimed by the OS.
//|              The list will become a valid but empty list.
//| Conditions:  The list is initiated and valid.
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void list_destroy(struct my_list* my_this)
{
  // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 2 lines)
  destroy(my_this->first);
//  delete(my_this);
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      clone
//| Description: First create a new copy of the specified list
//|              then append to the new item a clone of the next.
//|              This will recursively create a copy of a entire
//|              list starting on this item.
//| Input:       The list item to clone.
//| Result:      A copy of the specified item and any linked items.
//| Conditions:  The item is valid.
//+-----------------------------------------------------
struct list_item* clone(struct list_item* item)
{
  // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 10 lines)

  return item;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_copy
//| Description: Copy an entire list
//| Input:       The list to copy
//| Result:      A new and valid list that are an independent copy
//| Conditions:  The list is initiated and valid.
//+-----------------------------------------------------
struct my_list list_copy(struct my_list* my_this)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 3 lines)
    my_list *copy = new my_list;
    copy = my_this;
    return *copy;

}


struct my_iterator
{
   struct list_item* current; // a pointer to the "current" list element
};

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      list_begin
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
struct my_iterator list_begin(struct my_list* my_this)
{
  struct my_iterator i;
  i.current = my_this->first;
  return i;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      iterator_end
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
bool iterator_end(struct my_iterator* i)
{
  return i->current == NULL;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      iterator_next
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
void iterator_next(struct my_iterator* i)
{
  i->current = i->current->next;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      iterator_get_key
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
int iterator_get_key(struct my_iterator* i)
{
  return i->current->key;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      iterator_get_value
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
double iterator_get_value(struct my_iterator* i)
{
  return i->current->value;
}

//+-----------------------------------------------------
//| Module:      main
//| Description:
//| Input:
//| Result:
//| Conditions:
//+-----------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 50 lines)
    my_list*list = NULL;
    list = new my_list;

    list_init(list);
    //list->first = NULL;


    int key = 0;
    double value = 0;

    int i =0;
    while(i <5)
    {
        ++i;
        cin>> value;
        value = (int) value;
        key = (int) value;

        list_add(list,key,value);
        cout << "Adding" << endl;


    }
//    my_list *list2 = new my_list;
//    list_init(list2);
//    list2 = list_copy(list);


    //destroy the list and its content
    list_destroy(list);

    list_remove(list, 3);
    cout << endl << "Print list" << endl;
    for(my_iterator i = list_begin(list); !iterator_end(&i); iterator_next(&i))
    {
        cout << iterator_get_key(&i) << " " << iterator_get_value(&i) << endl;
    }



    list_destroy(list);
    cout << endl << "Print list" << endl;
    for(my_iterator i = list_begin(list); !iterator_end(&i); iterator_next(&i))
    {
        cout << iterator_get_key(&i) << " " << iterator_get_value(&i) << endl;
    }

//    list_destroy(list2);
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

确定。您不应该在destroy函数中分配新的列表项。相反，我会这样做：


void destroy(struct list_item* item)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 5 lines)
    if(item)
    {
        list_item *temp = item;
        item = temp->next;
        delete temp;
        destroy(item);
    }

删除操作符不是函数，因此您可以不使用括号。作为递归函数执行此操作也有点不寻常。这没有错，但让代码更像是更为正常：


void destroy(struct list_item* item)
{
    // ADD YOUR CODE HERE (approx 5 lines)
    while(item)
    {
        list_item *temp = item;
        item = temp->next;
        delete temp;
    }

Answer 2

destroy()函数的主要内容几乎是正确的 - 唯一真正的错误是写入new list_item的{{1}}的分配，如果{{1}则一次覆盖参数不是temp。为什么您在调用item时不会删除列表项？（注意：NULL调用指针未设置为delete，但指向的对象仍然被删除。）请澄清！

BTW，你破坏整个列表的递归方法仅适用于长度达到一定长度的列表 - 对于长列表，你可能会收到NULL错误，因为delete的嵌套调用太多了。最好使用循环。

Answer 3

删除所有节点后，需要将first指针设置为NULL。由于您没有这样做，因此您的代码在destroy操作后访问已释放的内存。

Answer 4

以下应该可以解决问题：

void destroy(struct list_item* item)
{
  struct list_item *temp;
  while (item)
  {
     temp = item;
     item = temp->next;
     delete(temp);
  }
}

或者如果您更喜欢递归解决方案：

void destroy(struct list_item* item)
{
  if (item) {
    destroy(item->next);
    delete(item);
  }
}

C ++链接列表销毁功能

4 个答案: