用于C ++中的tic tac toe游戏的AI问题

Question

所以我对我的tic tac toe游戏的AI有一些问题。人工智能本质上是纯粹的防御性，所以它总会阻止你。它通常在我的第一个案例中起作用，所以例如如果我在左上角然后在顶部中间播放，它将始终在右上角。其他情况，比如如果我玩两个对角线，可能会冻结游戏，或允许我第二次转弯。这些问题出现在我实施我的错误智能AI之后。最初，该程序有一个“愚蠢的AI”，选择随机点，你会在代码的底部看到。而且，我认为问题在于一些阻塞条件可能会相互冲突并导致问题。我怎样才能解决这个问题？相关代码如下： 坐标基于tic tac toe网格，其中左上角是（0,0），右下角是（2,2）

void Game::AIGetNextMoveRand()
{
    //top row
    if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,0) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 2;
            AIMoveY = 0; 
        }
            while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);

    }
    else if(GetSquareState(2,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,0) == O)
    {

        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 0;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
            while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //middle row
    else if(GetSquareState(0,1) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
        AIMoveX = 2;
        AIMoveY = 1;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(2,1) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
        AIMoveX = 0;
        AIMoveY = 1;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);    
    }
    // bottom row
    else if(GetSquareState(0,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,2) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 2;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(2,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,2) == O)
    {
        do
        {
        AIMoveX = 0;
        AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    // vert 0
    else if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(0,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
        AIMoveX = 0;
        AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(0,2) == O && GetSquareState(0,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 0;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    // vert 1
    else if(GetSquareState(1,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {

        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
            while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(1,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //vert 2
    else if(GetSquareState(2,2) == O && GetSquareState(2,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX  = 2;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(2,0) == O && GetSquareState(2,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 2;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    // diagonal 1
    else if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {

        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 2;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(2,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {

        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 0;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //diagonal 2
    else if(GetSquareState(0,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 0;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    else if(GetSquareState(0,2) == O && GetSquareState(1,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 2;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    // mid 0
    else if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(2,0) == O)
    {

        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 0;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //mid 1
    else if(GetSquareState(1,0) == O && GetSquareState(2,1) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 1;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    // mid 2
    else if(GetSquareState(0,2) == O && GetSquareState(2,2) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 2;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //diag 1
    else if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(2,2) == O)
    {
        do
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 1;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }
    //diag 2
    else if(GetSquareState(2,0) == O && GetSquareState(0,2) == O)
    {

        do 
        {
            AIMoveX = 1;
            AIMoveY = 1;
        }
        while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
    }

    else 
    {
    do 
    {
        AIMoveX = rand() % 3;
        AIMoveY = rand() % 3;
    }while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);

    }
    }

void Game::DoAITurnRand()
{
    AIGetNextMoveRand();
    SetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY,activePlayer);
    EndTurn();
}

Answer 1

do while循环是垃圾。想想如果你的规则做出了错误的选择（即试图在一个填充的广场上玩），那么再次使相同错误的选择无济于事。事实上，这就是为什么你得到'冻结'。您需要重新组织代码的逻辑。我建议如果你的AI选择了一个非法的广场，那么你应该回到你的随机选择代码，那么至少你会得到一个合法的举动。

像这样的东西

// no move selected yet
AIMoveX = -1;
AIMoveY = -1;

// AI rules
if(GetSquareState(0,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,0) == O)
{
    AIMoveX = 2;
    AIMoveY = 0; 
}
else if(GetSquareState(2,0) == O && GetSquareState(1,0) == O)
{
    AIMoveX = 0;
    AIMoveY = 0;
}
// lots more rules
...

// check for fallback to random move
if ((AIMoveX == -1 && AIMoveY == -1)             // if no rules applied
    || GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY) // or if the square is not empty
{
    // pick a random square
    do 
    {
        AIMoveX = rand() % 3;
        AIMoveY = rand() % 3;
    }
    while(GetSquareState(AIMoveX,AIMoveY) != EMPTY);
}

我最初将AIMoveX和AIMoveY设置为-1表示尚未选择任何规则。如果他们在完成所有规则后仍然是-1，那么我知道没有规则被选中，我必须做出随机选择。如果一个规则确实被选中但它选择了一个非空方块，那么我也会随机选择。我在代码末尾测试了这两个条件。

你必须仔细考虑你所编写的代码究竟是什么。只是将do while循环放在一个地方，因为它在另一个地方工作是不对的。