实例变量的效果隐藏在Java中

时间:2013-03-28 15:59:49

标签: java scope

我正在使用GObject类创建一个简单的面,它将使用GRect和GOval。我希望将GRect和GOval锚定到相同的坐标,我将getWidth()和getHeight()描述为实例变量。当我这样做时,我没有显示任何错误,但画布上没有结果。只有当我将getWidth()和getHeight()描述为局部变量时才会得到结果。为什么实例变量的效果没有显示?

/*
 * This is section 2 problem 2 to draw a face using GRect amnd GOval. The face is     centred in the canvas.
 * PS: The face is scalable w.r.t. canvas.
*/
package Section_2;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;

import acm.graphics.GRect;
import acm.program.GraphicsProgram;

/*
 * creates a robot face which is centered in the canvas.
 */
public class RobotFace extends GraphicsProgram{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 7489531748053730220L;

//canvas dimensions for centering
int _canvasWidth = getWidth();
int _canvasHeight = getHeight();
public void run(){

    removeAll();    //to make sure multiple instances of graphic are not drawn during resize as an effect of overriding Java paint method
    //draw objects
    createFace();

}

//currently only createFace() is implemented
/*
 * creates a rect which is centred in the canvas
 */
private void createFace() {

    //canvas dimensions for centering
    //int _canvasWidth = getWidth();
    //int _canvasHeight = getHeight();

    //make the face scalable
    int _faceWidth = _canvasWidth  / 6;
    int _faceHeight = _canvasHeight / 4;
    //to center the face
    int _faceX = (_canvasWidth - _faceWidth)/2;
    int _faceY = (_canvasHeight - _faceHeight)/2;

    GRect _face = new GRect(_faceX , _faceY, _faceWidth, _faceHeight);
    _face.setFilled(true);
    _face.setColor(Color.BLUE);
    add(_face);
}

/*
 * (non-Javadoc)
 * @see java.awt.Container#paint(java.awt.Graphics)
 * to override Java inherited paint method to retain graphic after resizing  
 */
public void paint(Graphics g) {
    this.run();
    super.paint(g);
}    
}

如果取消注释getWidth()和getHeight()的局部变量,则得到Rect,否则对画布没有影响。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

实例变量不应该在构造函数之外进行初始化。可能会发生的是,在超类完全初始化之前调用getXXX方法,因此返回0

编辑:

我的意思是你应该更好地初始化类构造函数中的实例变量,以确保在调用其方法之前正确设置父类:

 public class RobotFace extends GraphicsProgram{

 //canvas dimensions for centering
 int _canvasWidth =0;
 int _canvasHeight = 0;

 public RobotFace() {
   super();
   _canvasWidth = getWidth();
   _canvasHeight = getHeight();
 }
 [...]

无论如何,这里没有保证它将修复0值导致图形对象由于显示机制而经常具有特定的生命周期,因此在构造函数调用之后仍然可能无法初始化高度和widht

答案 1 :(得分:0)

问题在于getWidth()初始化时getHeight()RobotFace = 0。从类级别删除这些行,并在createFace方法中取消注释。

int _canvasWidth = getWidth();
int _canvasHeight = getHeight();

答案 2 :(得分:0)

好吧,我错误地在GObject初始化之前使用getWidth()和getHeight(),这使得getWidth()返回0.所以唯一的方法是确保在范围内调用getWidth() GObject正在被启动是为每个方法使用本地getWidth(),如createFace(),createMouth()。这个程序确实有效,但涉及很多复制粘贴。 因此,在替代类RobotFace2中,我在run()中创建了GObjects,即没有为createFace()等创建新方法。这样getWidth()只需要在run()中输入一次,而眼睛和嘴GRect可以锚定到面对GRect。 RobotFace2也可以工作。

RobotFaceRobotFace2