通过Java运行cmd命令

时间：2013-03-17 17:51:57

标签： java cmd cd

我找到了几个用于通过Java类运行cmd命令的代码片段，但我无法理解它。

这是打开cmd的代码

public void excCommand(String new_dir){
    Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
    try {
        rt.exec(new String[]{"cmd.exe","/c","start"});

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

我找到了一些其他链接来添加其他命令，比如cd http://www.coderanch.com/t/109753/Linux-UNIX/exec-command-cd-command-java

How to open the command prompt and insert commands using Java?

任何人都可以帮助我理解如何cd目录，如：

 cd C:\Program Files\Flowella

然后在该目录上运行其他命令？

14 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：118)

将进程从不同目录运行到Java程序的工作目录的一种方法是更改​​目录，然后在同一命令行中运行该进程。您可以通过cmd.exe运行命令行来执行此操作，例如cd some_directory && some_program。

以下示例更改为其他目录并从那里运行dir。不可否认，我只需要dir该目录，而无需cd，但这只是一个例子：

import java.io.*;

public class CmdTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(
            "cmd.exe", "/c", "cd \"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\" && dir");
        builder.redirectErrorStream(true);
        Process p = builder.start();
        BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
        String line;
        while (true) {
            line = r.readLine();
            if (line == null) { break; }
            System.out.println(line);
        }
    }
}

另请注意，我正在使用ProcessBuilder来运行命令。除此之外，这允许我通过调用redirectErrorStream(true)将进程的标准错误重定向到其标准输出。这样做只给我一个流来读取。

这在我的机器上给出了以下输出：

C:\Users\Luke\StackOverflow>java CmdTest
 Volume in drive C is Windows7
 Volume Serial Number is D8F0-C934

 Directory of C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server

29/07/2011  11:03    <DIR>          .
29/07/2011  11:03    <DIR>          ..
21/01/2011  20:37    <DIR>          100
21/01/2011  20:35    <DIR>          80
21/01/2011  20:35    <DIR>          90
21/01/2011  20:39    <DIR>          MSSQL10_50.SQLEXPRESS
               0 File(s)              0 bytes
               6 Dir(s)  209,496,424,448 bytes free

答案 1 :(得分：9)

你可以试试这个： - 

Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);

答案 2 :(得分：5)

如果您想执行cd等操作，请使用：

String[] command = {command_to_be_executed, arg1, arg2};
ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(command);
builder = builder.directory(new File("directory_location"));

示例：

String[] command = {"ls", "-al"};
ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(command);
builder = builder.directory(new File("/ngs/app/abc"));
Process p = builder.start();

将命令和所有参数拆分为字符串数组的单独字符串非常重要（否则ProcessBuilder API无法正确提供它们。）

答案 3 :(得分：3)

我的例子（来自真实的项目）

文件夹 - 文件。

zipFile，filesString - String; 

        final String command = "/bin/tar -xvf " + zipFile + " " + filesString;
        logger.info("Start unzipping: {}    into the folder {}", command, folder.getPath());
        final Runtime r = Runtime.getRuntime();
        final Process p = r.exec(command, null, folder);
        final int returnCode = p.waitFor();

        if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            final BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = is.readLine()) != null) {
                logger.warn(line);
            }
            final BufferedReader is2 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream()));
            while ((line = is2.readLine()) != null) {
                logger.warn(line);
            }
        }

答案 4 :(得分：2)

最简单的方法是使用Runtime.getRuntime.exec()。

例如，要在Windows上获取默认浏览器的注册表值：

String command = "REG QUERY HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\http\\shell\\open\\command";
try
{
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
} catch (IOException e)
{
    e.printStackTrace();
}

然后使用Scanner获取命令的输出（如有必要）。

Scanner kb = new Scanner(process.getInputStream());

注意：\是String中的转义字符，必须转义才能正常工作（因此\\）。

但是，没有名为cd的可执行文件，因为它无法在单独的进程中实现。

当前工作目录很重要的一种情况是执行外部流程（使用ProcessBuilder或Runtime.exec()）。在这些情况下，您可以明确指定用于新启动的进程的工作目录。

最简单的命令方式：

System.setProperty("user.dir", "C:\\Program Files\\Flowella");

答案 5 :(得分：2)

试试这个：

Process runtime = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start notepad++.exe");

答案 6 :(得分：2)

这是一个更完整的命令行执行实现。

用法

executeCommand("ls");

<强>输出： 

12/27/2017 11:18:11:732: ls
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: build.gradle
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: gradle
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: gradlew
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: gradlew.bat
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: out
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: settings.gradle
12/27/2017 11:18:11:820: src

代码

private void executeCommand(String command) {
    try {
        log(command);
        Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
        logOutput(process.getInputStream(), "");
        logOutput(process.getErrorStream(), "Error: ");
        process.waitFor();
    } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void logOutput(InputStream inputStream, String prefix) {
    new Thread(() -> {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(inputStream, "UTF-8");
        while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            synchronized (this) {
                log(prefix + scanner.nextLine());
            }
        }
        scanner.close();
    }).start();
}

private static SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss:SSS");

private synchronized void log(String message) {
    System.out.println(format.format(new Date()) + ": " + message);
}

答案 7 :(得分：2)

可以通过以下代码停止和禁用服务：

static void sdService() {
    String[] cmd = {"cmd.exe", "/c", "net", "stop", "MSSQLSERVER"};
    try {           
        Process process = new ProcessBuilder(cmd).start();
        process.waitFor();      
        String line = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
                            
        line = null;
        bufferedReader = null;
        Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sc config MSSQLSERVER start= disabled");
        p.waitFor();
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }                   
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }                   
}

可以通过以下代码启用和启动服务

static void esService() {
    String[] cmd = {"cmd.exe", "/c", "net", "start", "MSSQLSERVER"};
                    
    try {
        Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sc config MSSQLSERVER start= auto");
        //Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sc config MSSQLSERVER start= demand");
        p.waitFor();        
        String line = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
                            
        line = null;
        bufferedReader = null;
        Process process = new ProcessBuilder(cmd).start();          
        process.waitFor();
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
                        
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }               
}

可以通过以下代码从任何文件夹执行命令。

static void runFromSpecificFolder() {       
    try {
        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder("cmd.exe", "/c", "cd \"C:\\Users\\himan\\Desktop\\Java_Test_Deployment\\jarfiles\" && dir");
        //processBuilder.directory(new File("C://Users//himan//Desktop//Java_Test_Deployment//jarfiles"));
        processBuilder.redirectErrorStream(true);
        Process p = processBuilder.start();
        p.waitFor();        
        String line = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }                
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }               
}
    
public static void main(String args[]) {
    sdService();
    runFromSpecificFolder();
    esService();
}

答案 8 :(得分：1)

获得对Process的引用后，可以在其上调用getOutpuStream来获取cmd提示符的标准输入。然后，您可以使用write方法通过流发送任何命令，就像使用任何其他流一样。

请注意，它是process.getOutputStream（），它连接到生成进程上的stdin。同样，要获取任何命令的输出，您需要调用getInputStream，然后将其作为任何其他输入流读取。

答案 9 :(得分：1)

您不能以这种方式运行cd，因为cd不是真正的程序;它是命令行的内置部分，它所做的就是改变命令行的环境。在子进程中运行它是没有意义的，因为那时你正在改变那个子进程的环境 - 但是这个子进程会立即关闭，丢弃它的环境。

要在实际的Java程序中设置当前工作目录，您应该写：

System.setProperty("user.dir", "C:\\Program Files\\Flowella");

答案 10 :(得分：1)

公共课程演示{ 公共静态void main（String args []）引发IOException {

    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/Users/******/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb" + " shell dumpsys battery ");
    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
    String line = null;
    while (true) {
        line = in.readLine();
        if (line == null) { break; }
        System.out.println(line);
    }
}

}

答案 11 :(得分：0)

最简单和最简短的方法是使用CmdTool库。

new Cmd()
         .configuring(new WorkDir("C:/Program Files/Flowella"))
         .command("cmd.exe", "/c", "start")
         .execute();

您可以找到更多示例here。

答案 12 :(得分：0)

从Java执行cmd的方法之一！

public void executeCmd() {
    String anyCommand="your command";
    try {
        Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start cmd.exe /K " + anyCommand);

    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

答案 13 :(得分：0)

这里的增值器是使用＆符号来批处理命令并使用cd更改驱动器的正确格式。

public class CmdCommander {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //easyway to start native windows command prompt from Intellij

    /*
    Rules are:
    1.baseStart must be dual start
    2.first command must not have &.
    3.subsequent commands must be prepended with &
    4.drive change needs extra &
    5.use quotes at start and end of command batch
    */
    String startQuote = "\"";
    String endQuote = "\"";
    //String baseStart_not_taking_commands = " cmd  /K start ";
    String baseStart = " cmd  /K start cmd /K ";//dual start is must

    String first_command_chcp = " chcp 1251 ";
    String dirList = " &dir ";//& in front of commands after first command means enter
    //change drive....to yours
    String changeDir = " &cd &I: ";//extra & makes changing drive happen

    String javaLaunch = " &java ";//just another command
    String javaClass = " Encodes ";//parameter for java needs no &

    String javaCommand = javaLaunch + javaClass;
    //build batch command
    String totalCommand =
            baseStart +
                    startQuote +
                    first_command_chcp +
                    //javaCommand +
                    changeDir +
                    dirList +
                    endQuote;

    System.out.println(totalCommand);//prints into Intellij terminal
    runCmd(totalCommand);
    //Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    //t.sleep(3000);
    System.out.println("loppu hep");//prints into Intellij terminal

}


public static void runCmd(String command) throws Exception {

    Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
    Process proc = rt.exec(command);


}

}

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