如何在Python请求中禁用安全证书检查

Question

我正在使用

import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

但是我收到了request.exceptions.SSLError。 该网站有一个过期的证书，但我没有发送敏感数据，因此对我来说并不重要。 我想象有一个类似于＆＃39; verifiy = False＆＃39;我可以使用，但我似乎无法找到它。

Answer 1

来自the documentation：

  

如果设置，请求也可以忽略验证SSL证书   verify为假。

>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False)
<Response [200]>

如果您正在使用第三方模块并且想要禁用检查，那么这里是一个上下文管理器，它会修补requests并更改它，以便verify=False是默认值并禁止警告。

import warnings
import contextlib

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning


old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings

@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
    opened_adapters = set()

    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
        # Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
        # all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
        # verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
        opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))

        settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
        settings['verify'] = False

        return settings

    requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings

    try:
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
            yield
    finally:
        requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings

        for adapter in opened_adapters:
            try:
                adapter.close()
            except:
                pass

以下是您使用它的方式：

with no_ssl_verification():
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
    print('It works')

    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Even if you try to force it to')

requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True

with no_ssl_verification():
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Works even here')

try:
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks')

try:
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks here again')

请注意，一旦离开上下文管理器，此代码将关闭处理修补请求的所有打开的适配器。这是因为请求维护每个会话连接池，并且每个连接只发生一次证书验证，因此会出现意外情况：

>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>

Answer 2

使用requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings（）。

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
requests.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

Answer 3

要添加到Blender's answer，您可以使用With regards to the problem you are seeing this is a known issue with GNU make version 4.1 supplied by ARM with DS5. This version of make was shipped with DS5 versions 5.23 to 5.26. DS5-5.22 used make 3.81, and DS5-5.27 and later have used make 4.2 - neither of which suffer from this defect. There are three possible workarounds in your case: 1 - Avoid using the "shell" command in your make script - this is probably not ideal! 2 - Upgrade your DS-5 version to 5.27 or later - this may or may not be an option for you. 3 - Download[*] a different version of GNU make and use it in place of the version 3.81 that was supplied with your current version of DS-5. [*] - Although make is freely available under GPL, unfortunately there are legal implications involved with its redistribution which is why I can't simply email you an alternative version of make.

为所有请求停用SSL

Session.verify = False

请注意import requests session = requests.Session() session.verify = False session.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'}) ，（请求使用），strongly discourages进行未经验证的HTTPS请求，并且会引发urllib3。

Answer 4

如果您想使用verify = False选项发送完全发布的请求，最快的方法是使用此代码：

import requests

requests.api.request('post', url, data={'bar':'baz'}, json=None, verify=False)

Answer 5

也可以从环境变量中完成：

export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=""

Answer 6

如果你正在写一个scraper并且真的不关心SSL证书，你可以将其设置为全局：

import ssl

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

请勿在生产中使用