我用C ++ Primer学习c ++,第5版...
我试图用clang ++编译一个带有C ++ 11特性的简单c ++程序,但是我得到的编译错误应该是有效的代码。
这是一个例子:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n = 0;
auto *p = &n; //<-- this compiles
cout << *p << endl;
vector<string> articles = {"a", "an", "the"}; //<-- this fails; copied from the book
return 0;
}
这是完整的错误:
$ clang++ -std=c++11 -v test.cpp -o test
clang version 3.2 (tags/RELEASE_32/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin10.8.0
Thread model: posix
"/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/3.2/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-apple-macosx10.6.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -main-file-name test.cpp -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -masm-verbose -munwind-tables -target-cpu core2 -target-linker-version 127.2 -v -resource-dir /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/3.2/bin/../lib/clang/3.2 -fmodule-cache-path /var/folders/pk/pkIeYbRaF-yeeUH3Q6Q5AE+++TI/-Tmp-/clang-module-cache -std=c++11 -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir /Users/Oton/Desktop -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 150 -stack-protector 1 -mstackrealign -fblocks -fobjc-runtime=macosx-10.6.0 -fobjc-dispatch-method=mixed -fobjc-default-synthesize-properties -fencode-extended-block-signature -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o /var/folders/pk/pkIeYbRaF-yeeUH3Q6Q5AE+++TI/-Tmp-/test-w65CaF.o -x c++ test.cpp
clang -cc1 version 3.2 based upon LLVM 3.2svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin10.8.0
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
/usr/include/c++/4.0.0
/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/i686-apple-darwin8
/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/backward
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/3.2/bin/../lib/clang/3.2/include
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
test.cpp:13:18: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'vector<string>'
vector<string> articles = {"a", "an", "the"};
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_vector.h:255:9: note: candidate constructor [with _InputIterator = const char *] not viable: no known conversion from
'const char [4]' to 'const allocator_type' (aka 'const std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> >') for 3rd argument
vector(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
^
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_vector.h:213:7: note: candidate constructor not viable: no known conversion from 'const char [2]' to 'size_type'
(aka 'unsigned long') for 1st argument
vector(size_type __n, const value_type& __value = value_type(),
^
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_vector.h:201:7: note: candidate constructor not viable: allows at most single argument '__a', but 3 arguments were
provided
vector(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
^
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_vector.h:231:7: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires single argument '__x', but 3 arguments were provided
vector(const vector& __x)
^
1 error generated.
我在Mac上,10.6.8,我用自制软件构建llvm / clang并附带选项:
brew install llvm -v --all-targets --rtti --shared --with-asan --with-clang --use-clang
我做错了什么?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
该错误告诉您没有std :: vector构造函数采用初始化列表。问题是您使用的标准库实现尚未针对C ++ 11进行更新。您使用的是libstdc ++的gcc 4.2版本,它是在C ++ 11之前写的。
您必须切换到已针对C ++ 11更新的库。如果你安装了libc ++,那么你可以使用标志-stdlib=libc++
。我认为libc ++二进制文件是OS X 10.6.8的一部分,但你也需要头文件。也许自制软件有一个食谱,或者你可以从http://libcxx.llvm.org/下载它们并将它们粘贴在找到的适当位置并与-stdlib=libc++
一起使用。
或者你可以用-nostdinc++
手动省略普通的C ++标准库头文件(在这种情况下是gcc 4.2),手动添加一个include目录,无论你在哪里粘贴头文件,都可以在任何地方添加库搜索目录二进制文件(你甚至可以自己构建二进制文件)并添加链接标志-lc++
。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
我不确定这是不是很好,但我会回答我自己的问题。我希望这会有所帮助。
(我只是一个初学者,所以如果我做错了,请纠正我。)
构建上述示例的唯一方法是:
-std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -nostdinc++ -I/path/to/new/libcxx/include
问题是Snow Leopard,正如其他人在这里所说的那样,它有一个非常古老的gcc版本。由于ld: library not found for -lc++
,使用上述选项无法链接。
所以我必须构建最新版本的libcxx。有一个macports端口,但没有自制的食谱。我是手动构建的,但有些东西我不得不继续成功。
我假设您已经使用自制软件安装了llvm,并且您的路径设置正确:which clang++ -> /usr/local/bin/clang++
。
首先获取libc ++ abi:svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxxabi/trunk libcxxabi
然后获取libc ++:svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk libcxx
。
修改libc++abi/lib/buildit
:
EXTRA_FLAGS="...
-I/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/include \
-I/PATH/TO/libcxx/include"
(Add the last two lines, note that the last include should point to the include folder inside libcxx from svn.)
LDSHARED_FLAGS="...-install_name /usr/local/lib/libc++abi.dylib"
(My libc++abi.dylib will reside inside /usr/local/lib.)
现在构建libc ++ abi:
- cd libc++abi/lib
- export TRIPLE=-apple-
- ./buildit
我更喜欢用自制软件管理我的所有第三方库,所以这是可选的:
- mkdir -p /usr/local/Cellar/libc++abi/HEAD/lib
- mkdir -p /usr/local/Cellar/libc++abi/HEAD/include
- cp -a *.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/libc++abi/HEAD/lib/
- cp -R /path/to/libcxxabi/include/ /usr/local/Cellar/libc++abi/HEAD/include/libc++abi
(Note the / after include!)
- brew link libc++abi
现在修改libc++/lib/buildit
:
if [ "$MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" == "10.6" ]
then
EXTRA_FLAGS="... -I/usr/local/include/libc++abi"
LDSHARED_FLAGS="...
-install_name /usr/local/lib/libc++.1.dylib \
..."
现在构建libc ++:
- cd libc++abi/lib
- export TRIPLE=-apple-
- export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6
- ./buildit
再次选择:
- mkdir -p /usr/local/Cellar/libc++/HEAD/lib
- cp -a *.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/libc++/HEAD/lib
- mkdir -p /usr/local/Cellar/libc++/HEAD/include
- cp -R /path/to/libcxx/include/ /usr/local/Cellar/libc++/HEAD/include/libc++
- brew link libc++
我现在可以使用以下代码构建上一个示例:
clang++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -nostdinc++ -I/usr/local/include/libc++ -O2 -g -v test.cpp -o test