Java - 在3个线程之间模拟死锁并设置优先级

时间:2013-01-13 00:46:26

标签: java process deadlock

我有以下三个主题:

// These are the two resource objects we'll try to get locks for
final Object resource1 = "resource1";
final Object resource2 = "resource2";
final Object resource3 = "resource3";
// Here's the first thread.  It tries to lock resource1 then resource2
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
  public void run() {

    // Lock resource 1
    synchronized(resource1) {
      System.out.println("Thread 1: locked resource 1");

      // Pause for a bit, simulating some file I/O or something.
      // Basically, we just want to give the other thread a chance to
      // run.  Threads and deadlock are asynchronous things, but we're
      // trying to force deadlock to happen here...
      try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}

      // Now wait 'till we can get a lock on resource 2
      synchronized(resource2) {
        System.out.println("Thread 1: locked resource 2");
      }
    }
  }
};

// Here's the second thread.  It tries to lock resource2 then resource1
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
  public void run() {

    // This thread locks resource 2 right away
     synchronized(resource2) {
      System.out.println("Thread 2: locked resource 2");

      // Then it pauses, for the same reason as the first thread does
      try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}

      // Then it tries to lock resource1.  But Thread 1 locked
      // resource1, and won't release it till it gets a lock on
      // resource2.  This thread holds the lock on resource2, and won't
      // release it 'till it gets resource1. 
      synchronized(resource1) {
        System.out.println("Thread 2: locked resource 1");
      }
    }
  }
};


// t3 tries to lock resource3 then resource2
Thread t3 = new Thread() {
  public void run() {
      for(int i=1; i<=5;i++)
        System.out.println("t3 "+i);
    synchronized (resource3) {
      System.out.println("Thread 3: locked resource 3");

      try {
        Thread.sleep(50);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      }

      synchronized (resource2) {
        System.out.println("Thread 3: locked resource 2");
      }
    }
  }
};

现在我要做的是模拟死锁,程序会停止,我猜这会导致死锁。

问题出现后,我添加了一个for循环,在synchronized函数之前在每个线程中打印一些文本。但是当我为每个线程设置优先级时,使用setPriority我没有看到线程根据其优先级执行其工作。

例如,我在第一个synchronized之前的每个线程中都有这些forloops:

for(int i=1; i<=5;i++)
   System.out.println("t2 "+i);

依此类推,t2代表线程2.我所要做的就是确保优先级正常。我还没有尝试在非死锁程序中按照优先级运行线程。

操作系统或CPU可能是导致此类问题的原因吗?

最后,我的最后一个问题是,我可以在资源,打印和执行时间方面显示优先级效果吗?

谢谢:)

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

大多数通用操作系统上的线程优先级不是绝对的(例如,准备运行的最高优先级线程总是获取CPU),而是计算量的一个调度算法的输入 - 或允许线程的时间长度在放弃对另一个人的控制之前运行。

因此,即使您设置了优先级,也无法确定线程运行的顺序。您可以放心地假设,优先级最高的线程可能比较低优先级的线程获得更大的CPU时间份额。但是,当你的程序执行重复的IO(阻塞)然后再睡觉时,可能的情况是线程无论如何都无法接近他们的量子,并且当50ms睡眠结束时,所有人都同样有资格运行。

一类操作系统 - 实时操作系统(RTOS) - 确实实现了优先级驱动的抢占式线程行为(而不是时间切片),并且可以产生高度可预测的线程排序。