说我有这样的模板声明:
template <class A, class B, class C = A (&)(B)>
我如何制作它以便我可以拥有可变数量的C
类型的对象?执行class C ...c = x
将不起作用,因为可变参数模板参数不能具有默认值。所以这就是我尝试过的:
template <typename T>
struct helper;
template <typename F, typename B>
struct helper<F(B)> {
typedef F (&type)(B);
};
template <class F, class B, typename helper<F(B)>::type ... C>
void f(C ...c) { // error
}
但到最后一部分我收到错误消息。我不认为我这样做是对的。我在这里做错了什么?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
我认为您可以使用以下方法。首先,一些类型特征的机制。这允许您确定参数包中的类型是否是同类的(我猜您希望所有函数具有相同的签名):
struct null_type { };
// Declare primary template
template<typename... Ts>
struct homogeneous_type;
// Base step
template<typename T>
struct homogeneous_type<T>
{
using type = T;
static const bool isHomogeneous = true;
};
// Induction step
template<typename T, typename... Ts>
struct homogeneous_type<T, Ts...>
{
// The underlying type of the tail of the parameter pack
using type_of_remaining_parameters = typename
homogeneous_type<Ts...>::type;
// True if each parameter in the pack has the same type
static const bool isHomogeneous =
is_same<T, type_of_remaining_parameters>::value;
// If isHomogeneous is "false", the underlying type is a fictitious type
using type = typename conditional<isHomogeneous, T, null_type>::type;
};
// Meta-function to determine if a parameter pack is homogeneous
template<typename... Ts>
struct is_homogeneous_pack
{
static const bool value = homogeneous_type<Ts...>::isHomogeneous;
};
然后,更多类型特征来计算泛型函数的签名:
template<typename T>
struct signature;
template<typename A, typename B>
struct signature<A (&)(B)>
{
using ret_type = A;
using arg_type = B;
};
最后,这就是定义可变参数函数模板的方法:
template <typename... F>
void foo(F&&... f)
{
static_assert(is_homogeneous_pack<F...>::value, "Not homogeneous!");
using fxn_type = typename homogeneous_type<F...>::type;
// This was template parameter A in your original code
using ret_type = typename signature<fxn_type>::ret_type;
// This was template parameter B in your original code
using arg_type = typename signature<fxn_type>::arg_type;
// ...
}
这是一个简短的测试:
int fxn1(double) { }
int fxn2(double) { }
int fxn3(string) { }
int main()
{
foo(fxn1, fxn2); // OK
foo(fxn1, fxn2, fxn3); // ERROR! not homogeneous signatures
return 0;
}
最后,如果你需要一个灵感,一旦你有了这个参数包,该怎么做,你可以看看a small library I wrote(从这个答案中使用的机械部分)。调用参数包F... f
中所有函数的简单方法如下(@MarkGlisse学分):
initializer_list<int>{(f(forward<ArgType>(arg)), 0)...};
您可以轻松地将其包装在宏中(只需查看Mark对我发布的链接的回答)。
这是一个完整的,可编辑的程序:
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
using namespace std;
struct null_type { };
// Declare primary template
template<typename... Ts>
struct homogeneous_type;
// Base step
template<typename T>
struct homogeneous_type<T>
{
using type = T;
static const bool isHomogeneous = true;
};
// Induction step
template<typename T, typename... Ts>
struct homogeneous_type<T, Ts...>
{
// The underlying type of the tail of the parameter pack
using type_of_remaining_parameters = typename
homogeneous_type<Ts...>::type;
// True if each parameter in the pack has the same type
static const bool isHomogeneous =
is_same<T, type_of_remaining_parameters>::value;
// If isHomogeneous is "false", the underlying type is a fictitious type
using type = typename conditional<isHomogeneous, T, null_type>::type;
};
// Meta-function to determine if a parameter pack is homogeneous
template<typename... Ts>
struct is_homogeneous_pack
{
static const bool value = homogeneous_type<Ts...>::isHomogeneous;
};
template<typename T>
struct signature;
template<typename A, typename B>
struct signature<A (&)(B)>
{
using ret_type = A;
using arg_type = B;
};
template <typename F>
void foo(F&& f)
{
cout << f(42) << endl;
}
template <typename... F>
void foo(typename homogeneous_type<F...>::type f, F&&... fs)
{
static_assert(is_homogeneous_pack<F...>::value, "Not homogeneous!");
using fxn_type = typename homogeneous_type<F...>::type;
// This was template parameter A in your original code
using ret_type = typename signature<fxn_type>::ret_type;
// This was template parameter B in your original code
using arg_type = typename signature<fxn_type>::arg_type;
cout << f(42) << endl;
foo(fs...);
}
int fxn1(double i) { return i + 1; }
int fxn2(double i) { return i * 2; }
int fxn3(double i) { return i / 2; }
int fxn4(string s) { return 0; }
int main()
{
foo(fxn1, fxn2, fxn3); // OK
// foo(fxn1, fxn2, fxn4); // ERROR! not homogeneous signatures
return 0;
}
答案 1 :(得分:3)
template <typename T>
struct helper;
template <typename F, typename B>
struct helper<F(B)> {
typedef F (*type)(B);
};
template<class F, class B>
void f()
{
}
template <class F, class B, typename... C>
void f(typename helper<F(B)>::type x, C... c)
{
std::cout << x(B(10)) << '\n';
f<F,B>(c...);
}
int identity(int i) { return i; }
int half(int i) { return i/2; }
int square(int i) { return i * i; }
int cube(int i) { return i * i * i; }
int main()
{
f<int,int>(identity,half,square,cube);
}
这是一个可以推断出类型的修改版本:
template<class F, class B>
void f(F(*x)(B))
{
x(B());
}
template <class F, class B, typename... C>
void f(F(*x)(B), C... c)
{
f(x);
f<F,B>(c...);
}
int identity(int i) { return i; }
int half(int i) { return i/2; }
int square(int i) { return i * i; }
int cube(int i) { return i * i * i; }
int string_to_int(std::string) { return 42; }
int main()
{
f(identity,half,square,cube);
// f(identity,half,string_to_int);
}