使用缓存键锁定缓存

时间:2012-12-24 17:28:52

标签: c# asp.net caching

我们使用以下代码来提高性能。它工作正常,但每隔几天我们开始收到大量的例外(下面)。它与音量无关,但它是随机的。

注释:///执行锁定的代码,以便在必要时生成结果,同时将其锁定,然后缓存结果。

第45行是:lock(_keys.First(k => k == key))

任何想法?

代码:

    public class LockedCaching
{
    private static List<string> _keys = new List<string>();

    public class Result
    {
        public object Value { get; set; }
        public bool ExecutedDataOperation { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Performs the locked code to produce the result if necessary while thread locking it and then caching the result.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key"></param>
    /// <param name="expiration"></param>
    /// <param name="data"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static Result Request(string key, DateTime expiration, RequestDataOperation data)
    {
        if (key == null)
        {
            return new Result { Value = data(), ExecutedDataOperation = true };
        }

        //Does the key have an instance for locking yet (in our _keys list)?
        bool addedKey = false;
        bool executedDataOperation = false;
        if (!_keys.Exists(s => s == key))
        {
            _keys.Add(key);
            addedKey = true;
        }
        object ret = HttpContext.Current.Cache[key];
        if (ret == null)
        {
            lock (_keys.First(k => k == key))
            {
                ret = HttpContext.Current.Cache[key];
                if (ret == null)
                {
                    ret = data();
                    executedDataOperation = true;
                    if(ret != null)
                        HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, ret, null, expiration, new TimeSpan(0));
                }
            }
        }
        if (addedKey)
            CleanUpOldKeys();
        return new Result { Value = ret, ExecutedDataOperation = executedDataOperation };
    }

    private static void CleanUpOldKeys()
    {
        _keys.RemoveAll(k => HttpContext.Current.Cache[k] == null);
    }
}

例外:

  

异常:System.Web.HttpUnhandledException(0x80004005):异常   抛出了'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException'类型。 ---&GT;   System.ArgumentNullException:值不能为null。参数名称:   System.Web.Caching.CacheInternal.DoGet上的键(Boolean isPublic,String   密钥,CacheGetOptions getOptions)在PROJECT.LockedCaching.b__8(字符串   k)在PROJECT \ LockedCaching.cs中:第64行at   System.Collections.Generic.List 1.RemoveAll(Predicate 1匹配)at   PROJECT.LockedCaching.CleanUpOldKeys()in   PROJECT \ LockedCaching.cs:第64行   PROJECTLockedCaching.Request(String key,DateTime expiration,   PROJECT \ LockedCaching.cs中的RequestDataOperation数据):第58行   FeaturesWithFlags1.DataBind()at   System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp,Object   o,对象t,EventArgs e)在System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive()at   System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(布尔   includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint,Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)   在System.Web.UI.Page.HandleError(Exception e)at   System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(布尔   includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint,Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)   在System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(布尔值   includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint,Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)   在System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest()处   System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)at   System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()   在System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep步骤,   布尔和放大器; completedSynchronously)

使用它的Web控件 - 此Web控件从Web服务请求位置列表。我们几乎在所谓的webservice上使用这个lockedcache请求。:

public override void DataBind()
{
    try
    {
        string cacheKey = "GetSites|";
        mt_site_config[] sites = (mt_site_config[])LockedCaching.Request(cacheKey, DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(10),
        () =>
        {
            WebServiceClient service = new WebServiceClient();
            sites = service.GetSites();
            service.Close();
            return sites;
        }).Value;
        ddlLocation.Items.Clear();
        ddlLocation.Items.Add(new ListItem("Please Select"));
        ddlLocation.Items.Add(new ListItem("Administration"));
        ddlLocation.Items.AddRange
        (
            sites.Select
            (
                s => new ListItem(s.site_name + " " + s.site_location, s.th_code.ToString())
            ).ToArray()
        );
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        Logger.Error("ContactUs Control Exception: Exp" + Environment.NewLine + ex.Message);
    }
    base.DataBind();

}

感谢您的评论。 ConcurrentDictionary是要走的路。我们收到错误的原因是因为linq代码“lock(_keys.First(k =&gt; k == key))”返回异常而不是null。使用concurrentdictionary将更加安全,并且希望不会导致任何锁定问题。

修改后的代码:

public class LockedCaching
{

    public class Result
    {
        public object Value { get; set; }
        public bool ExecutedDataOperation { get; set; }
    }

    public static Result Request(string key, DateTime expiration, RequestDataOperation data)
    {
        if (key == null)
        {
            return new Result { Value = data(), ExecutedDataOperation = true };
        }

        object results = HttpContext.Current.Cache[key];
        bool executedDataOperation = false;

        if (results == null)
        {
            object miniLock = _miniLocks.GetOrAdd(key, k => new object());
            lock (miniLock)
            {
                results = HttpContext.Current.Cache[key];
                if (results == null)
                {
                    results = data();
                    executedDataOperation = true;
                    if (results != null)
                        HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, results, null, expiration, new TimeSpan(0));

                    object temp;
                    object tempResults;
                    if (_miniLocks.TryGetValue(key, out temp) && (temp == miniLock))
                        _miniLocks.TryRemove(key, out tempResults);

                }
            }
        }
        return new Result { Value = results, ExecutedDataOperation = executedDataOperation };
    }

    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _miniLocks =
                              new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();

}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您的代码在集合中存在竞争条件。你同时写信给它。这可以产生各种各样的效果。

_keys.Add(key);
...
_keys.RemoveAll(k => HttpContext.Current.Cache[k] == null);

还有其他种族。您可能应该修改扩展您在全局锁定下的代码量。注意不要使用全局锁来破坏过多的并发。

也许你可以切换到ConcurrentDictionary<string, Lazy<CacheValue>>。这是与您的缓存一样的缓存的规范模式。它不会受到缓存加盖的影响。

小心线程。在这种情况下很容易引入微妙的比赛。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您看到的异常表示_keys中包含空元素。从您的代码段开始,这不应该发生。因此,我们看不到的其他代码是添加空值,或者您遇到线程安全问题。因为你几乎肯定有线程安全漏洞(参见问题评论),我会开始寻找它。