在我的GUI应用程序中,我使用C#Process
类来生成可能启动窗口的外部进程。子进程窗口可以通过第三方API调用显示,因此并不总是可以获得窗口句柄。有没有办法确保子进程的窗口显示在主应用程序窗口的前面?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
通常的方法是:
1。获取Process.Start()返回的Process类实例
2。查询Process.MainWindowHandle
3。调用非托管Win32 API函数“ShowWindow”或“SwitchToThisWindow”
您的问题的诀窍是“可以通过第三方API调用显示子流程窗口”。在这种情况下,您将需要获取生成的exe和Enum Child Windows的窗口句柄。获得API调用后显示的表单的句柄后,您可以使用BringWindowToTop API。
我使用How To Enumerate Windows Using the WIN32 API作为灵感来组织一个小测试。使用1个表单和2个按钮创建Windows应用程序:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool BringWindowToTop(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("user32")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool EnumChildWindows(IntPtr window, EnumWindowProc callback, IntPtr i);
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private System.IntPtr hWnd;
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process p = Process.Start(@"C:\TFS\Sandbox\3rdPartyAppExample.exe");
try
{
do
{
p.Refresh();
}
while (p.MainWindowHandle.ToInt32() == 0);
hWnd = new IntPtr(p.MainWindowHandle.ToInt32());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//Do some stuff...
throw;
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
3rdPartyAppExample.Form1 f = new 3rdPartyAppExample.Form1();
f.ShowForm2();
//Bring main external exe window to front
BringWindowToTop(hWnd);
//Bring child external exe windows to front
BringExternalExeChildWindowsToFront(hWnd);
}
private void BringExternalExeChildWindowsToFront(IntPtr parent)
{
List<IntPtr> childWindows = GetChildWindows(hWnd);
foreach (IntPtr childWindow in childWindows)
{
BringWindowToTop(childWindow);
}
}
// <summary>
/// Returns a list of child windows
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parent">Parent of the windows to return</param>
/// <returns>List of child windows</returns>
public static List<IntPtr> GetChildWindows(IntPtr parent)
{
List<IntPtr> result = new List<IntPtr>();
GCHandle listHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(result);
try
{
EnumWindowProc childProc = new EnumWindowProc(EnumWindow);
EnumChildWindows(parent, childProc, GCHandle.ToIntPtr(listHandle));
}
finally
{
if (listHandle.IsAllocated)
listHandle.Free();
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Callback method to be used when enumerating windows.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle">Handle of the next window</param>
/// <param name="pointer">Pointer to a GCHandle that holds a reference to the list to fill</param>
/// <returns>True to continue the enumeration, false to bail</returns>
private static bool EnumWindow(IntPtr handle, IntPtr pointer)
{
GCHandle gch = GCHandle.FromIntPtr(pointer);
List<IntPtr> list = gch.Target as List<IntPtr>;
if (list == null)
{
throw new InvalidCastException("GCHandle Target could not be cast as List<IntPtr>");
}
list.Add(handle);
// You can modify this to check to see if you want to cancel the operation, then return a null here
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Delegate for the EnumChildWindows method
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Window handle</param>
/// <param name="parameter">Caller-defined variable; we use it for a pointer to our list</param>
/// <returns>True to continue enumerating, false to bail.</returns>
public delegate bool EnumWindowProc(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr parameter);
}
3rdPartyAppExample是一个包含2个表单的Winform应用程序。我引用此应用程序并调用Form1的Public方法来显示Form2:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
public void ShowForm2()
{
var f = new Form2();
f.Show();
}
您可以选择check the Windows Caption:
hInst = ProcessStart("calc.exe")
// Begin search for handle
hWndApp = GetWinHandle(hInst)
If hWndApp <> 0 Then
// Init buffer
buffer = Space$(128)
// Get caption of window
numChars = GetWindowText(hWndApp, buffer, Len(buffer))
这里讨论另一种解决方案(不太稳定): http://www.shloemi.com/2012/09/solved-setforegroundwindow-win32-api-not-always-works/
诀窍是让windows'认为'通过附加线程(使用AttachThreadInput API)来关联我们的进程和目标窗口(hwnd)。
关于myTopForm.TopMost = true
答案,这对外部应用程序无效。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
它与“进程”无关,与Windows焦点有关。
你可能会做这样的事情:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/3saxwsad.aspx
public void MakeOnTop()
{
myTopForm.TopMost = true;
}
但总的来说,你需要Window句柄(衍生过程可以很容易地找出它自己的句柄),你需要这样的东西:
答案 2 :(得分:0)
您可以尝试使用SetWindowPos api调用将窗口发送到Windows中z顺序的BACK。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633545(v=vs.85).aspx
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetWindowPos")]
public static extern IntPtr SetWindowPos(IntPtr hWnd, int hWndInsertAfter, int x, int Y, int cx, int cy, uint wFlags);
const UInt32 SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001;
const UInt32 SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002;
static readonly IntPtr HWND_BOTTOM = new IntPtr(1);
static void SendWindowBack()
{
var hWnd = this.Handle;
SetWindowPos(hWnd, HWND_BOTTOM, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);
}
(用于winforms而不是wpf的编辑。)
答案 3 :(得分:0)
没有直接且100%可靠的方法来做到这一点。我会以一种稍微迂回的方式解决这个问题:
获取您启动的进程的进程ID,然后使用EnumWindows
函数的C#等效项。在回调中,调用GetWindowThreadProcessId
以获取窗口的进程ID,将其与刚刚启动的窗口的进程ID进行比较。如果匹配,则可以使用SetForegroundWindow
将该窗口置于前台。
如果有问题的应用程序显示多个顶级窗口,则会找到第一个窗口,这可能不是正确的窗口。但是,如果没有来自应用程序的某些“合作”,我认为我概述的是你能做的最好的。