Question

我刚刚使用setuptool创建了一个Python包，但是我遇到了一个问题，如果我从Ubuntu存储库中预先安装它的工作，但是当我使用PyPi时安装失败，因为PyPi只包含源代码而它必须编译，因此在安装过程中会有很多错误源。如何在我的软件包安装过程中安装Ubuntu软件包？我的想法是subprocess，有更好的方法吗？

EDITED

错误消息

Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/enable/
Reading http://code.enthought.com/projects/enable
Best match: enable 4.2.0
Downloading http://www.enthought.com/repo/ets/enable-4.2.0.tar.gz
Processing enable-4.2.0.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-wuMg8s/enable-4.2.0/setup.cfg
Running enable-4.2.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-wuMg8s/enable-4.2.0/egg-dist-tmp-LbjqHY
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path /usr/local/include/python2.7 is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path  is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
Warning: distutils distribution has been initialized, it may be too late to add a library freetype2_srcWarning: distutils distribution has been initialized, it may be too late to add a library agg24_srcWarning: distutils distribution has been initialized, it may be too late to add a library kiva_srcWarning: distutils distribution has been initialized, it may be too late to add an extension _agg/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path /usr/X11R6/lib is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path /usr/X11/lib is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path /usr/X11R6/include is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:548: UserWarning: Specified path /usr/X11/include is invalid.
  warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)
error: X11 libraries not found.

设置脚本：

from setuptools import setup

setup( 
    name = 'SomeName',
    version = '0.1',
    packages = ['src'],
    author = 'Some Author',
    maintainer = 'Some',
    maintainer_email = 'some@email.com',
    description = '',
    url = 'www.some.com',
    install_requires = ['envisage >= 4.0',
                        'pyface >= 4.0',
                        'apptools >= 4.0',
                        'chaco >= 4.0',
                        'traits >= 4.0',
                        'traitsui >= 4.0',
                        'mysql-connector-python >= 1.0',
                        'pysnmp >= 4.2',
                        'pyasn1 >= 0.1.4',
                        'M2Crypto >= 0.21.1',
                        'netifaces >= 0.7'

                        ],
 )

Answer 1

从apt存储库安装已下载的二进制文件已使用所需的系统库构建。如果没有，apt管理器确保还安装了任何系统库。使用setuptools（pip或easy_install）安装仅获取 python 要求;而不是构建/系统要求。

在您的情况下，错误为error: X11 libraries not found.这意味着X11的构建标头在您的系统中不可用。解决这个问题的一个简单方法是告诉apt只下载并安装包的依赖项（而不是包本身）。这将确保当您使用pip或easy_install时，Python将找到所需的一切。

例如，psycopg2是Postgresql的Python库。要构建它，您需要postgresql支持库（标头和文件）。这些不是PyPi提供的。 debian软件包python-psycopg2将正确安装所有外部需求。现在，如果我想在虚拟环境中安装psycopg2，我首先需要确保我的系统具有构建程序包的所有外部要求，因此我运行此命令：

sudo apt-get build-dep python-pyscopg2

这只会安装依赖项（所有支持标题），以便我以后可以手动安装它。

在您的情况下，您应该运行apt-get build-dep python-enable，它将获取所需的所有内容：

# apt-get build-dep python-enable
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cdbs libblas3gf libdrm-intel1 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfreetype6-dev
  libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglu1-mesa
  libglu1-mesa-dev liblapack3gf libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpthread-stubs0
  libpthread-stubs0-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdamage1
  libxdmcp-dev libxfixes3 libxslt1.1 libxxf86vm1 mesa-common-dev
  python-chardet python-docutils python-lxml python-numpy python-pygments
  python-pyrex python-roman python-setupdocs python-sphinx swig x11-common
  x11proto-core-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev xtrans-dev
0 upgraded, 40 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 35.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 97.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.

安装完所有这些库后，您的pypi软件包将正确安装。

PyPi仅适用于Python包（以及这些包的特定于Python的依赖项）。对于任何外部要求;您需要在安装文档中指定这些文档或在系统上使用它们，以便安装过程能够成功。

Answer 2

尝试使用此修改过的脚本：

from setuptools import setup

setup( 
    name = 'SomeName',
    version = '0.1',
    packages=find_packages(),
    author = 'Some Author',
    maintainer = 'Some',
    maintainer_email = 'some@email.com',
    description = '',
    url = 'www.some.com',
    install_requires = ['envisage',
                        'pyface',
                        'apptools',
                        'chaco',
                        'traits',
                        'traitsui',
                        'mysql-connector-python',
                        'pysnmp4',
                        'pyasn1',
                        'm2crypto',
                        'netifaces'

                        ],
 )

如何在安装程序中安装Ubuntu软件包而不是PyPi？

2 个答案: