在延迟加载时注入数据访问依赖项的正确方法是什么?
例如,我有以下类结构
class CustomerDao : ICustomerDao
public Customer GetById(int id) {...}
class Transaction {
int customer_id; //Transaction always knows this value
Customer _customer = null;
ICustomerDao _customer_dao;
Customer GetCustomer() {
if(_customer == null)
_customer = _customer_dao.GetById(_customer_id);
return _customer
}
如何将_customer_dao的引用添加到事务对象中?如果我希望事务至少看起来像POCO,那么对构造函数的要求似乎就没有意义。是否可以让Transaction对象直接引用Inversion of Control Container?这也似乎很尴尬。
像NHibernate这样的框架如何处理这个?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
我建议不同的东西...... 使用延迟加载类:
public class Lazy<T>
{
T value;
Func<T> loader;
public Lazy(T value) { this.value = value; }
public Lazy(Func<T> loader { this.loader = loader; }
T Value
{
get
{
if (loader != null)
{
value = loader();
loader = null;
}
return value;
}
public static implicit operator T(Lazy<T> lazy)
{
return lazy.Value;
}
public static implicit operator Lazy<T>(T value)
{
return new Lazy<T>(value);
}
}
一旦你得到它,你就不需要在你的对象中注入dao了:
public class Transaction
{
private static readonly Lazy<Customer> customer;
public Transaction(Lazy<Customer> customer)
{
this.customer = customer;
}
public Customer Customer
{
get { return customer; } // implicit cast happen here
}
}
创建未绑定到数据库的Transcation对象时:
new Transaction(new Customer(..)) // implicite cast
//from Customer to Lazy<Customer>..
从存储库中的数据库重新生成事务时:
public Transaction GetTransaction(Guid id)
{
custmerId = ... // find the customer id
return new Transaction(() => dao.GetCustomer(customerId));
}
发生了两件有趣的事: - 您的域对象可以使用或不使用数据访问,它变得无关数据访问。唯一的小麻烦就是能够传递给对象而不是对象本身的函数。 - Lazy类是内部可变的,但可以用作不可变值。 readonly关键字保持其语义,因为其内容不能在外部更改。
如果希望字段可写,只需删除readonly关键字即可。在分配新值时,由于隐式转换,将使用新值创建新的Lazy。
编辑: 我在这里写了博客:
http://www.thinkbeforecoding.com/post/2009/02/07/Lazy-load-and-persistence-ignorance
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我通常在构造函数中执行依赖注入,就像你上面所做的那样,但是只有在调用“get”时才采取进一步的延迟加载。不确定这是否是您正在寻找的纯方法,但它确实消除了“脏”构造函数DI / Lazy Loading in 1 step;)
public class Product
{
private int mProductID;
private Supplier mSupplier;
private ISupplierService mSupplierService;
public Product()
{
//if you want your object to remain POCO you can use dual constr
//this constr will be for app use, the next will be for testing
}
public Product(ISupplierService SupplierService)
{
mSupplierService = SupplierService;
}
public Supplier Supplier {
get {
if (mSupplier == null) {
if (mSupplierService == null) {
mSupplierService = new SupplierService();
}
mSupplier = mSupplierService.GetSupplierByProductID(mProductID);
}
return mSupplier;
}
set { mSupplier = value; }
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我对POCO这个术语并不十分熟悉,但我读过的定义似乎通常都遵循对象的精神,而不依赖于某个更大的框架。
也就是说,无论你如何分割它,如果你正在执行依赖注入,你将会与那些注入了功能的类进行协作,并且依赖于对象的东西,无论它是否为完整的注入框架或只是一些汇编类。
对于我来说,将IOC容器的引用注入类中似乎很奇怪。我更喜欢我的注入发生在构造函数中,代码看起来像这样:
public interface IDao<T>
{
public T GetById(int id);
}
public interface ICustomerDao : IDao<Customer>
{
}
public class CustomerDao : ICustomerDao
{
public Customer GetById(int id)
{...}
}
public class Transaction<T> where T : class
{
int _id; //Transaction always knows this value
T _dataObject;
IDao<T> _dao;
public Transaction(IDao<T> myDao, int id)
{
_id = id;
_dao = myDao;
}
public T Get()
{
if (_dataObject == null)
_dataObject = _dao.GetById(_id);
return _dataObject;
}
}