我试图编写一个程序,将一个小写的字符串转换为大写,使用缓冲区来存储初始字符串。我遇到的问题是我的程序会打印出一个无限循环的字符,这些字符必须与我给它的字符串相似。
我认为代码中存在的其他问题如下:
某些子程序在通话结束时使用ret
。我遇到问题的问题是找出这些子程序中哪些实际上不需要ret
,并且最好与jmp
一起使用。说实话,我在这两者的语义之间有点困惑。例如,在通话结束时,使用ja
调用的子程序是否需要ret
?
我还尝试打印出用于转换值的循环的每次迭代中发生的迭代次数。无论出于何种原因,我inc
计数器并决定使用PrintNumIter
例程打印它,唉,不幸的是,它没有做任何事情。
完整的程序如下。
Codez
bits 32
[section .bss]
buf: resb 1024 ;allocate 1024 bytes of memory to buf
[section .data]
;*************
;* CONSTANTS *
;*************
;ASCII comparison/conversion
LowercaseA: equ 0x61
LowercaseZ: equ 0x7A
SubToUppercase: equ 0x20
;IO specifiers/descriptors
EOF: equ 0x0
sys_read: equ 0x3
sys_write: equ 0x4
stdin: equ 0x0
stdout: equ 0x1
stderr: equ 0x2
;Kernel Commands/Program Directives
_exit: equ 0x1
exit_success: equ 0x0
execute_cmd: equ 0x80
;Memory Usage
buflen: equ 0x400 ;1KB of memory
;*****************
;* NON-CONSTANTS *
;*****************
iteration_count: db 0
query : db "Please enter a string of lowercase characters, and I will output them for you in uppercase ^.^: ", 10
querylen : equ $-query
[section .text]
global _start
;===========================================
; Entry Point
;===========================================
_start:
nop ;keep GDB from complaining
call AskUser
call Read
call SetupBuf
call Scan
call Write
jmp Exit
;===========================================
; IO Instructions
;===========================================
Read:
mov eax, sys_read ;we're going to read in something
mov ebx, stdin ;where we obtain this is from stdin
mov ecx, buf ;read data into buf
mov edx, buflen ;amount of data to read
int execute_cmd ;invoke kernel to do its bidding
ret
Write:
mov eax, sys_write ;we're going to write something
mov ebx, stdout ;where we output this is going to be in stdout
mov ecx, buf ;buf goes into ecx; thus, whatever is in ecx gets written out to
mov edx, buflen ;write the entire buf
int execute_cmd ;invoke kernel to do its bidding
ret
AskUser:
mov eax, sys_write
mov ebx, stdout
mov ecx, query
mov edx, querylen
int execute_cmd
ret
PrintNumIter:
mov eax, sys_write
mov ebx, stdout
push ecx ;save ecx's address
mov ecx, iteration_count ;print the value of iteration_count
mov edx, 4 ;print 4 bytes of data
int execute_cmd
pop ecx ;grab the value back in
ret
;===========================================
; Program Preperation
;===========================================
SetupBuf:
mov ecx, esi ;place the number of bytes read into ecx
mov ebp, buf ;place the address of buf into ebp
dec ebp ;decrement buf by 1 to prevent "off by one" error
ret
;===========================================
; Conversion Routines
;===========================================
ToUpper:
sub dword [ebp + ecx], SubToLowercase ;grab the address of buf and sub its value to create uppercase character
Scan:
call PrintNumIter ;print the current iteration within the loop
cmp dword [ebp + ecx], LowercaseA ;Test input char against lowercase 'a'
jb ToUpper ;If below 'a' in ASCII, then is not lowercase - goto ToLower
cmp dword [ebp + ecx], LowercaseZ ;Test input char against lowercase 'z'
ja ToUpper ;If above 'z' in ASCII, then is not lowercase - goto ToLower
dec ecx ;decrement ecx by one, so we can get the next character
inc byte [iteration_count] ;increment the __value__ in iteration count by 1
jnz Scan ;if ecx != 0, then continue the process
ret
;===========================================
;Next:
; dec ecx ;decrement ecx by one
; jnz Scan ;if ecx != 0 scan
; ret
;===========================================
Exit:
mov eax, _exit
mov ebx, exit_success
int execute_cmd
答案 0 :(得分:4)
你的问题直接归结于这样一个事实,即你完成处理后你永远不会在你的字符串缓冲区的末尾附加一个nul终结符(从我记忆中,read
系统调用不回读一个空)。
不幸的是,由于你的奇怪的控制流程,这有点难以做,但改变SetupBuf
应该做的伎俩(注意,你应该检查你没有溢出buf
,但是有1KB,我怀疑你需要担心学习计划):
SetupBuf:
mov ecx, esi
mov ebp, buf
mov [ebp+ecx],0 ;make sure the string is nul terminated
dec ebp
ret
请注意
另一个似乎困扰你的代码的问题(你已经注意到了),你的奇怪的控制流程。如此简单的指导方针(注意:不是规则,只是指导方针),希望能帮助您减少spagetti代码:
JMP
(以及条件跳转)应仅用于在同一过程中转换为标签,否则您将开始进入绑定,因为您无法放松。唯一可以使用跳跃的时间是尾部调用,但在这个阶段你不应该担心,它更混乱。
在进行其他程序时始终使用CALL
,这样您就可以使用RETN
/ RET
指令正确返回呼叫站点,从而使控制更加流畅更符合逻辑。
一个简单的例子:
print_num: ;PROC: num to print in ecx, ecx is caller preserved
push ecx
push num_format ; "%d\n"
call _printf
sub esp,8 ;cleanup for printf
retn
print_loop_count: ;PROC: takes no args
mov ecx,0x10 ;loop 16 times
do_loop: ;LABEL: used as a jump target for the loop
;good idea to prefix jump lables with "." to differentiate them
push ecx ;save ecx
call print_num ;value to print is already in ecx
pop ecx ;restore ecx
dec ecx
jnz do_loop ;again?
retn