我正在使用ggmap并希望有一张以澳大利亚为中心的世界地图,我可以轻松地绘制地理编码点。与其他一些映射包相比,ggmap似乎更容易使用。然而,当我使用下面的代码通过地图时,它会出错。
gc <- geocode('australia')
center <- as.numeric(gc)
> map <- get_map(location = center, source="google", maptype="terrain", zoom=0)
Error: zoom must be a whole number between 1 and 21
来自get_map帮助: “缩放:地图缩放,从 0(全世界)到21 (建筑物)的整数,默认值10(城市).openstreetmaps限制缩放为18,雄蕊地图的限制取决于maptype.'auto'自动确定边界框规格的缩放,默认为10,具有中心/缩放规格。“
将缩放更改为1对于get_map而言不是错误,而是用于绘制该地图
map <- get_map(location = center, source="google", maptype="terrain", zoom=1)
ggmap(map)
Warning messages:
1: In min(x) : no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
2: In max(x) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf
3: In min(x) : no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
4: In max(x) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf
看起来经度没有经过。 最后,缩放为2它确实有效,但没有通过整个世界的地图
所以,我的问题是如何使用get_map来获取世界地图?
会话信息:
sessionInfo() R版本2.15.0(2012-03-30) 平台:i386-pc-mingw32 / i386(32位)
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] mapproj_1.1-8.3 maps_2.2-6 rgdal_0.7-12 sp_0.9-99
[5] ggmap_2.1 ggplot2_0.9.1
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] colorspace_1.1-1 dichromat_1.2-4 digest_0.5.2 grid_2.15.0
[5] labeling_0.1 lattice_0.20-6 MASS_7.3-17 memoise_0.1
[9] munsell_0.3 plyr_1.7.1 png_0.1-4 proto_0.3-9.2
[13] RColorBrewer_1.0-5 reshape2_1.2.1 RgoogleMaps_1.2.0 rjson_0.2.8
[17] scales_0.2.1 stringr_0.6 tools_2.15.0
答案 0 :(得分:14)
编辑:已更新为ggplot2 v 0.9.3
我尝试过类似的东西,但收效甚微。但是,有许多方法可以使map
包中的世界地图居中:请参阅here,here和here。使用后者的代码,这是一个将世界地图置于经度160中心的示例,绘制使用ggplot2绘制的世界地图上的CRAN镜像位置(使用ggmap包中的geocode()
函数获得的坐标)和颜色新西兰(使用geom_polygon
)。将地图置于经度160的中心,使得非洲的所有地方都位于地图的左侧,而格陵兰岛的大部分位于地图的右侧。
library(maps)
library(plyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(sp)
library(ggmap)
# Get some points to plot - CRAN Mirrors
Mirrors = getCRANmirrors(all = FALSE, local.only = FALSE)
Mirrors$Place = paste(Mirrors$City, ", ", Mirrors$Country, sep = "") # Be patient
tmp = geocode(Mirrors$Place)
Mirrors = cbind(Mirrors, tmp)
###################################################################################################
# Recentre worldmap (and Mirrors coordinates) on longitude 160
### Code by Claudia Engel March 19, 2012, www.stanford.edu/~cengel/blog
### Recenter ####
center <- 160 # positive values only
# shift coordinates to recenter CRAN Mirrors
Mirrors$long.recenter <- ifelse(Mirrors$lon < center - 180 , Mirrors$lon + 360, Mirrors$lon)
# shift coordinates to recenter worldmap
worldmap <- map_data ("world")
worldmap$long.recenter <- ifelse(worldmap$long < center - 180 , worldmap$long + 360, worldmap$long)
### Function to regroup split lines and polygons
# Takes dataframe, column with long and unique group variable, returns df with added column named group.regroup
RegroupElements <- function(df, longcol, idcol){
g <- rep(1, length(df[,longcol]))
if (diff(range(df[,longcol])) > 300) { # check if longitude within group differs more than 300 deg, ie if element was split
d <- df[,longcol] > mean(range(df[,longcol])) # we use the mean to help us separate the extreme values
g[!d] <- 1 # some marker for parts that stay in place (we cheat here a little, as we do not take into account concave polygons)
g[d] <- 2 # parts that are moved
}
g <- paste(df[, idcol], g, sep=".") # attach to id to create unique group variable for the dataset
df$group.regroup <- g
df
}
### Function to close regrouped polygons
# Takes dataframe, checks if 1st and last longitude value are the same, if not, inserts first as last and reassigns order variable
ClosePolygons <- function(df, longcol, ordercol){
if (df[1,longcol] != df[nrow(df),longcol]) {
tmp <- df[1,]
df <- rbind(df,tmp)
}
o <- c(1: nrow(df)) # rassign the order variable
df[,ordercol] <- o
df
}
# now regroup
worldmap.rg <- ddply(worldmap, .(group), RegroupElements, "long.recenter", "group")
# close polys
worldmap.cp <- ddply(worldmap.rg, .(group.regroup), ClosePolygons, "long.recenter", "order") # use the new grouping var
#############################################################################
# Plot worldmap using data from worldmap.cp
windows(9.2, 4)
worldmap = ggplot(aes(x = long.recenter, y = lat), data = worldmap.cp) +
geom_polygon(aes(group = group.regroup), fill="#f9f9f9", colour = "grey65") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(-60, 85)) +
coord_equal() + theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = "none",
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_blank(),
#axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
panel.border = element_rect(colour = "black"))
# Plot the CRAN Mirrors
worldmap = worldmap + geom_point(data = Mirrors, aes(long.recenter, lat),
colour = "red", pch = 19, size = 3, alpha = .4)
# Colour New Zealand
# Take care of variable names in worldmap.cp
head(worldmap.cp)
worldmap + geom_polygon(data = subset(worldmap.cp, region == "New Zealand", select = c(long.recenter, lat, group.regroup)),
aes(x = long.recenter, y = lat, group = group.regroup), fill = "blue")
答案 1 :(得分:9)
我最近得到了同样的错误,它归结为ggmap不喜欢在$ \ pm $ 80°以外的纬度。
但是,我必须单独下载我的图像,因为它太大而无法下载(使用OSM);这不是你的问题,但我会为未来的读者记录。
以下是我如何解决它:
cbind
自己包装。只要确保你知道切割的经度。这就是我的所作所为:
require ("ggmap")
library ("png")
zoom <- 2
map <- readPNG (sprintf ("mapquest-world-%i.png", zoom))
map <- as.raster(apply(map, 2, rgb))
# cut map to what I really need
pxymin <- LonLat2XY (-180,73,zoom+8)$Y # zoom + 8 gives pixels in the big map
pxymax <- LonLat2XY (180,-60,zoom+8)$Y # this may or may not work with google
# zoom values
map <- map [pxymin : pxymax,]
# set bounding box
attr(map, "bb") <- data.frame (ll.lat = XY2LonLat (0, pxymax + 1, zoom+8)$lat,
ll.lon = -180,
ur.lat = round (XY2LonLat (0, pxymin, zoom+8)$lat),
ur.lon = 180)
class(map) <- c("ggmap", "raster")
ggmap (map) +
geom_point (data = data.frame (lat = runif (10, min = -60 , max = 73),
lon = runif (10, min = -180, max = 180)))
结果:
编辑:我在你的谷歌地图上玩了一下,但我没有得到正确的纬度。 : - (
答案 2 :(得分:0)
查看ggplot内置的coord_map。这可以创建地图而无需第三方拼贴。它非常适合简单的地图,可以使用ggplot的所有美感。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
我设法根据Google地图构建了世界地图。不幸的是,这有些扭曲,因为我相信ggmap / Google Maps会施加限制(数据长度= 409600像素,尺寸是792的倍数)。不过,尺寸,比例和缩放参数的以下组合提供了带有ggmap的Google世界地图。
总的来说,您可以根据需要更改lon
,将纵向关注点更改为澳大利亚。
library(tidyverse)
your_gmaps_API_key <- ""
get_googlemap(center = c(lon = 0, lat = 0)
, zoom = 1
, maptype="roadmap"
, size = c(512,396)
, scale = 2
, color = "bw"
, key = your_gmaps_API_key) %>% ggmap(.)
注意:地图上的点来自我自己的数据集,而不是上面的代码生成的,但是世界地图在这里至关重要。