C＃中的双向/双向字典？

时间：2012-06-10 04:16:13

标签： c# .net dictionary

我想以下列方式在单词中存储单词：

我可以逐字逐句地获取字词：dict["SomeWord"] - ＆gt; 123并逐字逐句地获取：dict[123] - ＆gt; "SomeWord"

这是真的吗？当然，一种方法是使用两个词典：Dictionary<string,int>和Dictionary<int,string>但还有其他方法吗？

15 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：88)

我写了几个让你做你想做的课程。您可能需要使用更多功能扩展它，但这是一个很好的起点。

代码的使用如下所示：

var map = new Map<int, string>();

map.Add(42, "Hello");

Console.WriteLine(map.Forward[42]);
// Outputs "Hello"

Console.WriteLine(map.Reverse["Hello"]);
//Outputs 42

这是定义：

public class Map<T1, T2>
{
    private Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    private Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public Map()
    {
        this.Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        this.Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    public class Indexer<T3, T4>
    {
        private Dictionary<T3, T4> _dictionary;
        public Indexer(Dictionary<T3, T4> dictionary)
        {
            _dictionary = dictionary;
        }
        public T4 this[T3 index]
        {
            get { return _dictionary[index]; }
            set { _dictionary[index] = value; }
        }
    }

    public void Add(T1 t1, T2 t2)
    {
        _forward.Add(t1, t2);
        _reverse.Add(t2, t1);
    }

    public Indexer<T1, T2> Forward { get; private set; }
    public Indexer<T2, T1> Reverse { get; private set; }
}

答案 1 :(得分：9)

通过添加initializes和Contains方法扩展了Enigmativity代码。

public class Map<T1, T2> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    private readonly Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public Map()
    {
        Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    public Indexer<T1, T2> Forward { get; private set; }
    public Indexer<T2, T1> Reverse { get; private set; }

    public void Add(T1 t1, T2 t2)
    {
        _forward.Add(t1, t2);
        _reverse.Add(t2, t1);
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return _forward.GetEnumerator();
    }

    public class Indexer<T3, T4>
    {
        private readonly Dictionary<T3, T4> _dictionary;

        public Indexer(Dictionary<T3, T4> dictionary)
        {
            _dictionary = dictionary;
        }

        public T4 this[T3 index]
        {
            get { return _dictionary[index]; }
            set { _dictionary[index] = value; }
        }

        public bool Contains(T3 key)
        {
            return _dictionary.ContainsKey(key);
        }
    }
}

这是一个用例，检查有效的括号

public static class ValidParenthesisExt
{
    private static readonly Map<char, char>
        _parenthesis = new Map<char, char>
        {
            {'(', ')'},
            {'{', '}'},
            {'[', ']'}
        };

    public static bool IsValidParenthesis(this string input)
    {
        var stack = new Stack<char>();
        foreach (var c in input)
        {
            if (_parenthesis.Forward.Contains(c))
                stack.Push(c);
            else
            {
                if (stack.Count == 0) return false;
                if (_parenthesis.Reverse[c] != stack.Pop())
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return stack.Count == 0;
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分：8)

遗憾的是，您需要两个词典，每个方向一个。但是，您可以使用LINQ轻松获取逆字典：

Dictionary<T1, T2> dict = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
Dictionary<T2, T1> dictInverse = dict.ToDictionary((i) => i.Value, (i) => i.Key);

答案 3 :(得分：7)

正如您所说，您可以使用两个词典，或者如果键和值都属于同一类型，则可以使用一个：

dict["SomeWord"]= "123"和dict["123"]="SomeWord"将其用于所有查找。

答案 4 :(得分：2)

您可以使用此扩展方法，尽管它使用枚举，因此可能不适合大型数据集。如果您担心效率，那么您需要两个词典。如果要将两个词典打包成一个类，请参阅此问题的已接受答案：Bidirectional 1 to 1 Dictionary in C# 

public static class IDictionaryExtensions
{
    public static TKey FindKeyByValue<TKey, TValue>(this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, TValue value)
    {
        if (dictionary == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dictionary");

        foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair in dictionary)
            if (value.Equals(pair.Value)) return pair.Key;

        throw new Exception("the value is not found in the dictionary");
    }
}

答案 5 :(得分：1)

的 Bictionary

这是每个答案中我喜欢的混合物。它实现了T1，因此它可以使用集合初始值设定项，如示例中所示。

使用限制：

  • 您使用的是不同的数据类型。 （即 ≠ T2 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Program { public static void Main() { Bictionary<string, int> bictionary = new Bictionary<string,int>() { { "a",1 }, { "b",2 }, { "c",3 } }; // test forward lookup Console.WriteLine(bictionary["b"]); // test forward lookup error //Console.WriteLine(bictionary["d"]); // test reverse lookup Console.WriteLine(bictionary[3]); // test reverse lookup error (throws same error as forward lookup does) Console.WriteLine(bictionary[4]); } } public class Bictionary<T1, T2> : Dictionary<T1, T2> { public T1 this[T2 index] { get { if(!this.Any(x => x.Value.Equals(index))) throw new System.Collections.Generic.KeyNotFoundException(); return this.First(x => x.Value.Equals(index)).Key; } } } ）

<强>代码： 

{{1}}

<强>小提琴：

https://dotnetfiddle.net/mTNEuw

答案 6 :(得分：1)

这是一个老问题，但我想添加两个扩展方法，以防有人发现它有用。第二个不是很有用，但如果需要支持一对一的词典，它就提供了一个起点。

    public static Dictionary<VALUE,KEY> Inverse<KEY,VALUE>(this Dictionary<KEY,VALUE> dictionary)
    {
        if (dictionary==null || dictionary.Count == 0) { return null; }

        var result = new Dictionary<VALUE, KEY>(dictionary.Count);

        foreach(KeyValuePair<KEY,VALUE> entry in dictionary)
        {
            result.Add(entry.Value, entry.Key);
        }

        return result;
    }

    public static Dictionary<VALUE, KEY> SafeInverse<KEY, VALUE>(this Dictionary<KEY, VALUE> dictionary)
    {
        if (dictionary == null || dictionary.Count == 0) { return null; }

        var result = new Dictionary<VALUE, KEY>(dictionary.Count);

        foreach (KeyValuePair<KEY, VALUE> entry in dictionary)
        {
            if (result.ContainsKey(entry.Value)) { continue; }

            result.Add(entry.Value, entry.Key);
        }

        return result;
    }

答案 7 :(得分：1)

该死的，我把我的版本混在一起：

public class BijectiveDictionary<TKey, TValue> 
{
    private EqualityComparer<TKey> _keyComparer;
    private Dictionary<TKey, ISet<TValue>> _forwardLookup;
    private EqualityComparer<TValue> _valueComparer;
    private Dictionary<TValue, ISet<TKey>> _reverseLookup;             

    public BijectiveDictionary()
        : this(EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default, EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default)
    {
    }

    public BijectiveDictionary(EqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer, EqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer)
        : this(0, EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default, EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default)
    {
    }

    public BijectiveDictionary(int capacity, EqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer, EqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer)
    {
        _keyComparer = keyComparer;
        _forwardLookup = new Dictionary<TKey, ISet<TValue>>(capacity, keyComparer);            
        _valueComparer = valueComparer;
        _reverseLookup = new Dictionary<TValue, ISet<TKey>>(capacity, valueComparer);            
    }

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        AddForward(key, value);
        AddReverse(key, value);
    }

    public void AddForward(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        ISet<TValue> values;
        if (!_forwardLookup.TryGetValue(key, out values))
        {
            values = new HashSet<TValue>(_valueComparer);
            _forwardLookup.Add(key, values);
        }
        values.Add(value);
    }

    public void AddReverse(TKey key, TValue value) 
    {
        ISet<TKey> keys;
        if (!_reverseLookup.TryGetValue(value, out keys))
        {
            keys = new HashSet<TKey>(_keyComparer);
            _reverseLookup.Add(value, keys);
        }
        keys.Add(key);
    }

    public bool TryGetReverse(TValue value, out ISet<TKey> keys)
    {
        return _reverseLookup.TryGetValue(value, out keys);
    }

    public ISet<TKey> GetReverse(TValue value)
    {
        ISet<TKey> keys;
        TryGetReverse(value, out keys);
        return keys;
    }

    public bool ContainsForward(TKey key)
    {
        return _forwardLookup.ContainsKey(key);
    }

    public bool TryGetForward(TKey key, out ISet<TValue> values)
    {
        return _forwardLookup.TryGetValue(key, out values);
    }

    public ISet<TValue> GetForward(TKey key)
    {
        ISet<TValue> values;
        TryGetForward(key, out values);
        return values;
    }

    public bool ContainsReverse(TValue value)
    {
        return _reverseLookup.ContainsKey(value);
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        _forwardLookup.Clear();
        _reverseLookup.Clear();
    }
}

向其中添加一些数据：

var lookup = new BijectiveDictionary<int, int>();

lookup.Add(1, 2);
lookup.Add(1, 3);
lookup.Add(1, 4);
lookup.Add(1, 5);

lookup.Add(6, 2);
lookup.Add(6, 8);
lookup.Add(6, 9);
lookup.Add(6, 10);

然后进行查找：

lookup[2] --> 1, 6
lookup[3] --> 1
lookup[8] --> 6

答案 8 :(得分：0)

这使用索引器进行反向查找 反向查找是O（n）但它也不使用两个字典

public sealed class DictionaryDoubleKeyed : Dictionary<UInt32, string>
{   // used UInt32 as the key as it has a perfect hash
    // if most of the lookup is by word then swap
    public void Add(UInt32 ID, string Word)
    {
        if (this.ContainsValue(Word)) throw new ArgumentException();
        base.Add(ID, Word);
    }
    public UInt32 this[string Word]
    {   // this will be O(n)
        get
        {
            return this.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value == Word).Key;
        }
    } 
}

答案 9 :(得分：0)

以下封装类在1个字典实例上使用linq（IEnumerable Extensions）。

public class TwoWayDictionary<TKey, TValue>
{
    readonly IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dict;
    readonly Func<TKey, TValue> GetValueWhereKey;
    readonly Func<TValue, TKey> GetKeyWhereValue;
    readonly bool _mustValueBeUnique = true;

    public TwoWayDictionary()
    {
        this.dict = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();
        this.GetValueWhereKey = (strValue) => dict.Where(kvp => Object.Equals(kvp.Key, strValue)).Select(kvp => kvp.Value).FirstOrDefault();
        this.GetKeyWhereValue = (intValue) => dict.Where(kvp => Object.Equals(kvp.Value, intValue)).Select(kvp => kvp.Key).FirstOrDefault();
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] kvps)
        : this()
    {
        this.AddRange(kvps);
    }

    public void AddRange(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] kvps)
    {
        kvps.ToList().ForEach( kvp => {        
            if (!_mustValueBeUnique || !this.dict.Any(item => Object.Equals(item.Value, kvp.Value)))
            {
                dict.Add(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
            } else {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Value must be unique");
            }
        });
    }

    public TValue this[TKey key]
    {
        get { return GetValueWhereKey(key); }
    }

    public TKey this[TValue value]
    {
        get { return GetKeyWhereValue(value); }
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var dict = new TwoWayDictionary<string, int>(new KeyValuePair<string, int>[] {
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".jpeg",100),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".jpg",101),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".txt",102),
            new KeyValuePair<string, int>(".zip",103)
        });


        var r1 = dict[100];
        var r2 = dict[".jpg"];

    }

}

答案 10 :(得分：0)

Xavier John答案的修改版本，带有一个额外的构造函数以进行正向和反向比较器。例如，这将支持不区分大小写的键。如果需要，可以添加其他构造函数，以将更多参数传递给正向和反向Dictionary构造函数。

public class Map<T1, T2> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<T1, T2>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<T1, T2> _forward;
    private readonly Dictionary<T2, T1> _reverse;

    /// <summary>
    /// Constructor that uses the default comparers for the keys in each direction.
    /// </summary>
    public Map()
        : this(null, null)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Constructor that defines the comparers to use when comparing keys in each direction.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="t1Comparer">Comparer for the keys of type T1.</param>
    /// <param name="t2Comparer">Comparer for the keys of type T2.</param>
    /// <remarks>Pass null to use the default comparer.</remarks>
    public Map(IEqualityComparer<T1> t1Comparer, IEqualityComparer<T2> t2Comparer)
    {
        _forward = new Dictionary<T1, T2>(t1Comparer);
        _reverse = new Dictionary<T2, T1>(t2Comparer);
        Forward = new Indexer<T1, T2>(_forward);
        Reverse = new Indexer<T2, T1>(_reverse);
    }

    // Remainder is the same as Xavier John's answer:
    // https://stackoverflow.com/a/41907561/216440
    ...
}

使用示例，带有不区分大小写的键：

Map<int, string> categories = 
new Map<int, string>(null, StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase)
{
    { 1, "Bedroom Furniture" },
    { 2, "Dining Furniture" },
    { 3, "Outdoor Furniture" }, 
    { 4, "Kitchen Appliances" }
};

int categoryId = 3;
Console.WriteLine("Description for category ID {0}: '{1}'", 
    categoryId, categories.Forward[categoryId]);

string categoryDescription = "DINING FURNITURE";
Console.WriteLine("Category ID for description '{0}': {1}", 
    categoryDescription, categories.Reverse[categoryDescription]);

categoryDescription = "outdoor furniture";
Console.WriteLine("Category ID for description '{0}': {1}", 
    categoryDescription, categories.Reverse[categoryDescription]);

// Results:
/*
Description for category ID 3: 'Outdoor Furniture'
Category ID for description 'DINING FURNITURE': 2
Category ID for description 'outdoor furniture': 3
*/

答案 11 :(得分：0)

这是我的代码。除种子构造函数外，其他所有内容均为O（1）。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class TwoWayDictionary<T1, T2>
{
    Dictionary<T1, T2> _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
    Dictionary<T2, T1> _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();

    public IReadOnlyDictionary<T1, T2> Forwards => _Forwards;
    public IReadOnlyDictionary<T2, T1> Backwards => _Backwards;

    public IEnumerable<T1> Set1 => Forwards.Keys;
    public IEnumerable<T2> Set2 => Backwards.Keys;


    public TwoWayDictionary()
    {
        _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
        _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>();
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(int capacity)
    {
        _Forwards = new Dictionary<T1, T2>(capacity);
        _Backwards = new Dictionary<T2, T1>(capacity);
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(Dictionary<T1, T2> initial)
    {
        _Forwards = initial;
        _Backwards = initial.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Value, kvp => kvp.Key);
    }

    public TwoWayDictionary(Dictionary<T2, T1> initial)
    {
        _Backwards = initial;
        _Forwards = initial.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Value, kvp => kvp.Key);
    }


    public T1 this[T2 index]
    {
        get => _Backwards[index];
        set
        {
            if (_Backwards.TryGetValue(index, out var removeThis))
                _Forwards.Remove(removeThis);

            _Backwards[index] = value;
            _Forwards[value] = index;
        }
    }

    public T2 this[T1 index]
    {
        get => _Forwards[index];
        set
        {
            if (_Forwards.TryGetValue(index, out var removeThis))
                _Backwards.Remove(removeThis);

            _Forwards[index] = value;
            _Backwards[value] = index;
        }
    }

    public int Count => _Forwards.Count;

    public bool Contains(T1 item) => _Forwards.ContainsKey(item);
    public bool Contains(T2 item) => _Backwards.ContainsKey(item);

    public bool Remove(T1 item)
    {
        if (!this.Contains(item))
            return false;

        var t2 = _Forwards[item];

        _Backwards.Remove(t2);
        _Forwards.Remove(item);

        return true;
    }

    public bool Remove(T2 item)
    {
        if (!this.Contains(item))
            return false;

        var t1 = _Backwards[item];

        _Forwards.Remove(t1);
        _Backwards.Remove(item);

        return true;
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        _Forwards.Clear();
        _Backwards.Clear();
    }
}

答案 12 :(得分：0)

这是建议的替代解决方案。删除内部类并确保添加/删除项目时的连贯性

{
  query155051: fooQuery(id: 155051) {
    ... details
  }
  query414989: fooQuery(id: 414989) {
    ... details
  }
  .
  .
  .
  query265014: fooQuery(id: 265014) {
    ... details
  }
}

fragment details on fooQuery {
  categories {
    id
    name
    }
  }
}

答案 13 :(得分：0)

此开放源代码存储库中有BijectionDictionary类型可用：

https://github.com/ColmBhandal/CsharpExtras。

从质上讲，它与其他给出的答案没有太大不同。像大多数答案一样，它使用两个字典。

我相信关于这本词典与迄今为止的其他答案的新颖之处在于，它的行为不像双向词典，而是像单向词典一样，然后动态地允许您翻转使用Reverse属性的字典。翻转的对象参考很浅，因此仍然可以修改与原始参考相同的核心对象。因此，您可以有两个引用相同的对象，只是其中之一被翻转了。

该词典可能与众不同的另一件事是，在该存储库下的测试项目中为此词典编写了一些测试。我们已经在实践中使用了它，到目前为止，它已经相当稳定了。

答案 14 :(得分：0)

Enigmativity答案的扩展版本以nuget包的形式提供 https://www.nuget.org/packages/BidirectionalMap/

它是开源的here

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