当我尝试在类定义/声明中专门化一个公共成员函数模板时:
#include <iostream>
class surfaceMesh
{
public:
// Uncomment for Version 0 and 1
class AREA_AVERAGE {};
class ANGLE_AVERAGE {};
template<class Average>
void vertexNormals() {}
// Uncomment: Version 0
//template<>
//void vertexNormals<AREA_AVERAGE> ()
//{
//std::cout << "AREA_AVERAGE" << std::endl;
//}
//template<>
//void vertexNormals<ANGLE_AVERAGE> ()
//{
//std::cout << "ANGLE_AVERAGE" << std::endl;
//}
};
// Uncommend for version 1
template<>
void surfaceMesh::vertexNormals<surfaceMesh::AREA_AVERAGE> ()
{
std::cout << "AREA_AVERAGE" << std::endl;
};
template<>
void surfaceMesh::vertexNormals<surfaceMesh::ANGLE_AVERAGE> ()
{
std::cout << "ANGLE_AVERAGE" << std::endl;
};
int main()
{
surfaceMesh m;
m.vertexNormals<surfaceMesh::AREA_AVERAGE>();
m.vertexNormals<surfaceMesh::ANGLE_AVERAGE>();
return 0;
}
对于版本0,错误是:
main.cpp:19: error: template-id ‘vertexNormals<mesh::AREA_AVERAGE>’ in declaration of primary template
main.cpp:24: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope ‘class mesh’
main.cpp:25: error: template-id ‘vertexNormals<mesh::ANGLE_AVERAGE>’ in declaration of primary template
main.cpp:25: error: ‘void mesh::vertexNormals()’ cannot be overloaded
main.cpp:19: error: with ‘void mesh::vertexNormals()’
版本1编译并运行。当然,通常我将类声明和定义分开,但我真的想知道为什么会发生这种情况。
另外,这是专门化界面的好方法吗?另一种选择是重载函数vertexNormals以获取AREA_AVERAGE或ANGLE_AVERAGE的对象,但这只是一种告诉我将使用哪种函数的类型,它不应该被实例化,因此使用模板'feel'喜欢正确的选择。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
为什么不允许在类中专门化成员函数模板?
因为这是C ++标准规定的规则。
至于你想要什么,更好的方法是使用函数重载而不是函数特化:
class surfaceMesh
{
public:
// Uncomment for Version 0 and 1
class AREA_AVERAGE {};
class ANGLE_AVERAGE {};
template<class Average>
void vertexNormals()
{
//invoke the function overload
vertexNormals(static_cast<Average*>(0));
}
private:
//make the overloads private, so client will not call them!
void vertexNormals(AREA_AVERAGE *)
{
std::cout << "AREA_AVERAGE" << std::endl;
}
void vertexNormals(ANGLE_AVERAGE*)
{
std::cout << "ANGLE_AVERAGE " << std::endl;
}
};
表达式static_cast<Average*>(0)
的类型有助于编译器选择正确的重载。