我有一个文件头值的字典(时间,帧数,年,月等)我想写成一个numpy数组。我目前的代码如下:
arr=np.array([(k,)+v for k,v in fileheader.iteritems()],dtype=["a3,a,i4,i4,i4,i4,f8,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,a10,a26,a33,a235,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4"])
但是我收到错误,“只能将元组(不是”int“)连接到元组。
基本上,最终结果需要是存储整个文件头信息(512字节)和每个帧的数据(头和数据,每帧49408字节)的数组。有更简单的方法吗?
编辑:为了澄清(对我自己而言),我需要将文件的每个帧中的数据写入数组。我得到了matlab代码作为基础。以下是给我的代码的粗略概念:
data.frame=zeros([512 96])
frame=uint8(fread(fid,[data.numbeams,512]),'uint8'))
data.frame=frame
如何将“框架”翻译成python?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
你最好只保留dict中的标题数据。你真的需要它作为阵列吗? (如果是这样,为什么?在一个numpy数组中使用标题有一些优点,但它比简单的dict
更复杂,并且不那么灵活。)
dict
的一个缺点是其密钥没有可预测的顺序。如果需要以常规顺序(类似于C结构)将标头写回磁盘,则需要单独存储字段的顺序及其值。如果是这种情况,您可以考虑一个有序的字典(collections.OrderedDict
),或者只是将一个简单的类放在一起来保存标题数据并在那里存储订单。
除非有充分的理由将它放入numpy数组中,否则你可能不想这样做。
但是,结构化数组将保留标题的顺序,并且可以更容易地将它的二进制表示写入磁盘,但在其他方面它是不灵活的。
如果您确实想要将标题设为数组,那么您可以执行以下操作:
import numpy as np
# Lists can be modified, but preserve order. That's important in this case.
names = ['Name1', 'Name2', 'Name3']
# It's "S3" instead of "a3" for a string field in numpy, by the way
formats = ['S3', 'i4', 'f8']
# It's often cleaner to specify the dtype this way instead of as a giant string
dtype = dict(names=names, formats=formats)
# This won't preserve the order we're specifying things in!!
# If we iterate through it, things may be in any order.
header = dict(Name1='abc', Name2=456, Name3=3.45)
# Therefore, we'll be sure to pass things in in order...
# Also, np.array will expect a tuple instead of a list for a structured array...
values = tuple(header[name] for name in names)
header_array = np.array(values, dtype=dtype)
# We can access field in the array like this...
print header_array['Name2']
# And dump it to disk (similar to a C struct) with
header_array.tofile('test.dat')
另一方面,如果您只想访问标题中的值,请将其保留为dict
。这样简单。
根据你的声音,我会做这样的事情。我正在使用numpy数组来读取标题,但标题值实际上存储为类属性(以及标题数组)。
这看起来比实际更复杂。
我只是定义了两个新类,一个用于父文件,另一个用于框架。你可以用更少的代码做同样的事情,但这为你提供了更复杂的事情的基础。
import numpy as np
class SonarFile(object):
# These define the format of the file header
header_fields = ('num_frames', 'name1', 'name2', 'name3')
header_formats = ('i4', 'f4', 'S10', '>I4')
def __init__(self, filename):
self.infile = open(filename, 'r')
dtype = dict(names=self.header_fields, formats=self.header_formats)
# Read in the header as a numpy array (count=1 is important here!)
self.header = np.fromfile(self.infile, dtype=dtype, count=1)
# Store the position so we can "rewind" to the end of the header
self.header_length = self.infile.tell()
# You may or may not want to do this (If the field names can have
# spaces, it's a bad idea). It will allow you to access things with
# sonar_file.Name1 instead of sonar_file.header['Name1'], though.
for field in self.header_fields:
setattr(self, field, self.header[field])
# __iter__ is a special function that defines what should happen when we
# try to iterate through an instance of this class.
def __iter__(self):
"""Iterate through each frame in the dataset."""
# Rewind to the end of the file header
self.infile.seek(self.header_length)
# Iterate through frames...
for _ in range(self.num_frames):
yield Frame(self.infile)
def close(self):
self.infile.close()
class Frame(object):
header_fields = ('width', 'height', 'name')
header_formats = ('i4', 'i4', 'S20')
data_format = 'f4'
def __init__(self, infile):
dtype = dict(names=self.header_fields, formats=self.header_formats)
self.header = np.fromfile(infile, dtype=dtype, count=1)
# See discussion above...
for field in self.header_fields:
setattr(self, field, self.header[field])
# I'm assuming that the size of the frame is in the frame header...
ncols, nrows = self.width, self.height
# Read the data in
self.data = np.fromfile(infile, self.data_format, count=ncols * nrows)
# And reshape it into a 2d array.
# I'm assuming C-order, instead of Fortran order.
# If it's fortran order, just do "data.reshape((ncols, nrows)).T"
self.data = self.data.reshape((nrows, ncols))
你会使用它类似于:
dataset = SonarFile('input.dat')
for frame in dataset:
im = frame.data
# Do something...
答案 1 :(得分:1)
问题似乎是v
是int
而不是tuple
。尝试:
arr=np.array([(k,v) for k,v in fileheader.iteritems()],dtype=["a3,a,i4,i4,i4,i4,f8,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,a10,a26,a33,a235,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4,i4"])