Python:类实例可以评估为任何类型吗?

时间:2012-05-03 01:17:47

标签: python class tuples

类可以通过__str__方法充当字符串,也可以通过__call__方法充当函数。它可以作为列表或元组吗?

class A (object):
    def __???__ (self):
        return (1, 2, 3)

>>> a = A()
>>> a * 3
(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

修改...

这是一个更好的例子来帮助澄清上述内容。

class Vector (object):
    def __init__ (self):
        self.vec = (1,2,3)
    def __???__ (self):
        # something like __repr__; non-string
        return self.vec

class Widget (object):
    def __init__ (self):
        self.vector = Vector()

>>> w = Widget()
>>> w.vector
(1, 2, 3) # not a string representation (at least, before being repr'd here)

基本上,我想要__repr__之类的东西,它不会返回一个字符串,但是当我只是调用指向Vector实例的名称时,它会返回一个元组(或列表),但我不想丢失其余的实例中的异能,比如访问其他属性和方法。我也不想使用w.vector.vec来获取数据。我希望vector可以像w的元组属性一样,同时仍然可以执行w.vector.whatever()之类的操作,或者覆盖__mul__,这样我就可以通过w.vector * 5缩放向量。可能的?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

根据您的目标,您可以创建一个继承自listtuple等内置类的类:

>>> class A(tuple):
...     def speak(self):
...         print "Bark!"
... 
>>> a = A((1,2,3)) # extra parens needed to distinguish single tuple arg from 3 scalar args
>>> a * 3
(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
>>> a.speak()
Bark!

考虑到你的Vector用例,子类化元组很可能会成功。

import math

class Vector(tuple):
    def magnitude(self):
        return math.sqrt( self[0]*self[0]+self[1]*self[1]+self[2]*self[2] )

答案 1 :(得分:2)

对于示例中的特定行为(A*3提供了A中数据的三个连续副本),您希望实现__mul__()运算符。

例如,这些是等价的:

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> a*3
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
>>> a.__mul__(3)
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
>>> 

更一般地说,如果要实现序列类型,则必须实现所有operations defined for sequence types。你必须定义 -

  • A[3]的含义(__getitem__()__setitem__()
  • A[1:10]的含义(__getslice__()
  • for item in A:的含义(__iter__()

等等。

以下是list s上定义的完整方法列表:

>>> pprint.pprint(dict(list.__dict__))
{'__add__': <slot wrapper '__add__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__contains__': <slot wrapper '__contains__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__delitem__': <slot wrapper '__delitem__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__delslice__': <slot wrapper '__delslice__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__doc__': "list() -> new empty list\nlist(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items",
 '__eq__': <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__ge__': <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__getitem__': <method '__getitem__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__getslice__': <slot wrapper '__getslice__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__gt__': <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__hash__': None,
 '__iadd__': <slot wrapper '__iadd__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__imul__': <slot wrapper '__imul__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__init__': <slot wrapper '__init__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__iter__': <slot wrapper '__iter__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__le__': <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__len__': <slot wrapper '__len__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__lt__': <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__mul__': <slot wrapper '__mul__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__ne__': <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x1E1DACA8>,
 '__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__reversed__': <method '__reversed__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__rmul__': <slot wrapper '__rmul__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__setitem__': <slot wrapper '__setitem__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__setslice__': <slot wrapper '__setslice__' of 'list' objects>,
 '__sizeof__': <method '__sizeof__' of 'list' objects>,
 'append': <method 'append' of 'list' objects>,
 'count': <method 'count' of 'list' objects>,
 'extend': <method 'extend' of 'list' objects>,
 'index': <method 'index' of 'list' objects>,
 'insert': <method 'insert' of 'list' objects>,
 'pop': <method 'pop' of 'list' objects>,
 'remove': <method 'remove' of 'list' objects>,
 'reverse': <method 'reverse' of 'list' objects>,
 'sort': <method 'sort' of 'list' objects>}

答案 2 :(得分:0)

当您致电 str 时,该课程不会充当字符串。它创建并返回一个NEW字符串对象。基本上当你在一个对象上调用str(something)时,这才是真正发生的事情:

a = str(someObject)

a = someObject.__str__()

所以str函数基本上可以被认为是这样做的:

def str(variable):
    return variable.__str__()

当您致电list()tuple()set()等时,情况也是如此。如果我认为你的问题是正确的:

tuple()list()set()都调用了类的__iter__()方法,所以您要做的是:

class MyClass(object):
    ...
    def __iter__(self):
        ...
        return myIterable