我刚刚给了grails一个go，跟着最基本的教程，然后工作，但后来转到了下一个最基本的，我创建了一个与另一个有多对一关系的类。
说我们有一个班级旅行，有一个航空公司类型的航空公司。这两个类都有一些其他的字段，但它们只是原语。
现在，如果我创建一个Trip对象并将航空公司字段设置为和代理正常执行的航空公司的新实例。但如果我尝试执行（我通过将以下内容放在grails-app / conf / Bootstrap.groovy中来完成：
Trip t = new Trip (...)
t.airline = new Airline(...)
println t.airline
它给出了大量的堆栈跟踪错误。
org.springframework.beans.factory.access.BootstrapException: Error executing bootstraps; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerInvocationException: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: Unknown property 'airline'
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.context.GrailsContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(GrailsContextLoader.java:74)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler.java:548)
at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:136)
at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1234)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:517)
at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:460)
at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:130)
at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:222)
at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:229)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:52)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.container.JettyServer.startServer(JettyServer.groovy:159)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.container.JettyServer.start(JettyServer.groovy:114)
at grails.web.container.EmbeddableServer$start.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:128)
at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5_closure11.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:145)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5_closure11.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at _GrailsSettings_groovy$_run_closure10.doCall(_GrailsSettings_groovy:274)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:154)
at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:137)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:72)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at _GrailsRun_groovy.runInline(_GrailsRun_groovy:104)
at _GrailsRun_groovy.this$4$runInline(_GrailsRun_groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:162)
at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure1.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:58)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor48.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:39)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:54)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor47.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor46.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy:90)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.this$4$withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor40.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:718)
at groovy.lang.GroovyObjectSupport.invokeMethod(GroovyObjectSupport.java:44)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:158)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor39.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor38.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:146)
at RunApp$_run_closure1.doCall(RunApp.groovy:33)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:39)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:54)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy:90)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.this$4$withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:718)
at groovy.lang.GroovyObjectSupport.invokeMethod(GroovyObjectSupport.java:44)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:158)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure4.doCall(Gant.groovy:324)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call$0.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure6.doCall(Gant.groovy:334)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure6.doCall(Gant.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
at gant.Gant.withBuildListeners(Gant.groovy:344)
at gant.Gant.this$2$withBuildListeners(Gant.groovy)
at gant.Gant$this$2$withBuildListeners.callCurrent(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
at gant.Gant.dispatch(Gant.groovy:334)
at gant.Gant.this$2$dispatch(G
答案 0 :(得分：1)
您的Trip类看起来没有“航空公司”属性。
如果我有以下课程，它可以正常工作：
// grails-app/domain/Trip.groovy
class Trip {
String name
static belongsTo = [airline: Airline]
String toString() { name }
}
// grails-app/domain/Airline.groovy
class Airline {
String name
static hasMany = [trips: Trip]
String toString() { name }
}
然后打开“grails console”并运行以下代码：
Trip t = new Trip(name: "my trip")
t.airline = new Airline(name: "Delta")
assert "Delta" == t.airline.name
查看One-to-many grails文档以获取更多信息。