Powershell - “进程无法访问该文件，因为它正被另一个进程使用”

时间：2012-02-08 21:00:04

标签： powershell

下面是一个脚本，用于监视存放文件的目录及其子文件夹（不包括1）。每隔10分钟左右，我会查找新文件，然后将它们与数据库表进行匹配，以便告诉我需要将它们移动到哪里。然后，它将文件本地复制到存档，将其移动到需要移动到的位置，然后将记录插入到具有文件属性的另一个DB表中以及它来来去去的位置。如果数据库中没有匹配项，或者存在脚本错误 - 它会向我发送一封电子邮件。

但是，由于文件不断存放到目录中，因此脚本执行时仍可能正在写入文件。结果，我得到“进程无法访问该文件，因为它正被另一个进程使用”。一直通过电子邮件发送给我。另外，因为我没有预先处理错误;它遍历循环，并在数据库的日志表中插入一个错误的条目，文件属性不正确。当文件最终释放时，它会再次插入。

我正在寻找一种方法来识别附加了进程的文件;并且在脚本执行时跳过它们 - 但是几天的网络搜索和一些测试还没有得到答案。

提前致谢。

## CLEAR ERROR LOG
$error.clear()

Write-Host "***File Transfer Script***"

## PARAMETERS
$source_path = "D:\Files\In\"
$xferfail_path = "D:\Files\XferFailed\"
$archive_path = "D:\Files\XferArchive\"
$email_from = "SQLMail <SQLMail@bar.com>"
$email_recip = [STRING]"foo@bar.com"
$smtp_server = "email.bar.com"
$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "Pa$$w0rd" -AsPlainText -Force
$smtp_cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("BAR\SQLAdmin", $secpasswd)

## SQL LOG FUNCTION
function Run-SQL ([string]$filename, [string]$filepath, [int]$filesize, [int]$rowcount, [string]$xferpath)
    {
        $date = get-date -format G
        $SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
        $SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server=SQLSERVER;Database=DATABASE;Uid=SQLAdmin;Pwd=Pa$$w0rd;"
        $SqlConnection.Open()
        $SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
        $SqlCmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO DATABASE..Table VALUES ('$date','$filename','$filepath',$filesize,$rowcount,'$xferpath',0)"
        $SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
        $SqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
        $SqlConnection.Close()
    }


## DETERMINE IF THERE ARE ANY FILES TO PROCESS
$file_count = Get-ChildItem -path $source_path |? {$_.PSIsContainer} `
              | Get-ChildItem -path {$_.FullName} -Recurse | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $false} | Where {$_.Fullname -notlike "D:\Files\In\MCI\*"} `
              | Measure-Object | Select Count

If ($file_count.Count -gt 0)
    {
        Write-Host $file_count.Count "File(s) Found - Processing."
        Start-Sleep -s 5


    ## CREATE LIST OF DIRECTORIES
    $dirs = Get-ChildItem -path $source_path -Recurse | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $true} | Where {$_.Fullname -ne "D:\Files\In\MCI"} `
                                                      | Where {$_.Fullname -notlike "D:\Files\In\MCI\*"}


    ## CREATE LIST OF FILES IN ALL DIRECTORIES
    $files = ForEach ($item in $dirs)     
        {
            Get-ChildItem -path $item.FullName | Where {$_.psIsContainer -eq $false} | Sort-Object -Property lastWriteTime -Descending
        }


    ## START LOOPING THROUGH FILE LIST
    ForEach ($item in $files)
        {
            ## QUERY DATABASE FOR FILENAME MATCH, AND RETURN TRANSFER DIRECTORY
            $SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
            $SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server=SQLSERVER;Database=DATABASE;Uid=SQLAdmin;Pwd=Pa$$w0rd;"
            $SqlConnection.Open()
            $SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
            $SqlCmd.CommandText = "SELECT F.DirTransfer FROM DATABASE..Files F WHERE '$item.Name.Trim()' LIKE F.FileName"
            $SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
            $DirTransfer = $SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()
            $SqlConnection.Close()

            If ($DirTransfer) # if there is a match
                {
                    Write-Host $item.FullName"`t->`t"$DirTransfer
                    $filename = $item.Name
                    $filepath = $item.FullName
                    $filesize = $item.Length
                        If (!($filesize))
                            {
                                $filesize = 0
                            }
                    $rowcount = (Get-Content -Path $item.FullName).Length
                        If (!($rowcount))
                            {
                                $rowcount = 0
                            }
                    $xferpath = $DirTransfer
                    Run-SQL -filename "$filename" -filepath "$filepath" -filesize "$filesize" -rowcount "$rowcount" -xferpath "$DirTransfer"
                    Copy-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $DirTransfer -force -erroraction "silentlycontinue"
                    Move-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $archive_path -force -erroraction "silentlycontinue"
                    #Write-Host "$filename   $filepath   $filesize    $rowcount   $xferpath"

                }
            Else # if there is no match
                {
                    Write-Host $item.FullName "does not have a mapping"
                    Move-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $xferfail_path -force
                    $filename = $item.FullName
                    $email_body = "$filename `r`n`r`n does not have a file transfer mapping setup"
                    Send-MailMessage -To $email_recip `
                                     -From $email_from `
                                     -SmtpServer $smtp_server `
                                     -Subject "File Transfer Error - $item" `
                                     -Body $email_body `
                                     -Priority "High" `
                                     -Credential $smtp_cred
                }
        }



}
## IF NO FILES, THEN CLOSE
Else
{
    Write-Host "No File(s) Found - Aborting."
    Start-Sleep -s 5
}

## SEND EMAIL NOTIFICATION IF SCRIPT ERROR

If ($error.count -gt 0)
    {
        $email_body = "$error"
        Send-MailMessage -To $email_recip `
                         -From $email_from `
                         -SmtpServer $smtp_server `
                         -Subject "File Transfer Error - Script" `
                         -Body $email_body `
                         -Priority "High" `
                         -Credential $smtp_cred
    }

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：3)

或者，您可以通过try / catch或在Move-Item尝试之后查看$ error集合来检查错误，然后适当地处理条件。

$error.Clear()
Move-Item -path $item.FullName -destination $xferfail_path -force -ea 0
if($error.Count -eq 0) {
  # do something useful
}
else {
  # do something that doesn't involve spamming oneself
}

答案 1 :(得分：2)

您可以使用SysInternals handles.exe查找文件上的打开句柄。 exe可以从http://live.sysinternals.com/下载。

$targetfile = "C:\Users\me\Downloads\The-DSC-Book.docx"
$result = Invoke-Expression "C:\Users\me\Downloads\handle.exe $targetfile" | Select-String ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($targetfile))
$result

输出：

WINWORD.EXE        pid: 3744   type: File           1A0: C:\Users\me\Downloads\The-DSC-Book.docx

答案 2 :(得分：0)

避免在计时器上运行脚本导致文件锁定的一种方法是使用文件系统观察程序的事件驱动方法。它能够在您正在监视的文件夹中创建诸如新文件之类的事件时执行代码。

要在文件完成复制时运行代码，您需要侦听changed事件。此事件存在轻微问题，因为它在文件开始复制时触发一次，在完成时再触发一次。在查看评论中Mike链接的模块后，我有了解这个鸡/蛋问题的想法。我已经更新了下面的代码，这样它只会在文件完全写入时触发代码。

要尝试，请将$folderToMonitor更改为您要监控的文件夹，并添加一些代码来处理该文件。

$processFile = {    
    try {
        $filePath = $event.sourceEventArgs.FullPath
        [IO.File]::OpenRead($filePath).Close()

        #A Way to prevent false positive for really small files.
        if (-not ($newFiles -contains $filePath)) {
            $newFiles += $filePath

            #Process $filePath here...
        }
    } catch {
        #File is still being created, we wait till next event.
    }   
}

$folderToMonitor = 'C:\Folder_To_Monitor'

$watcher = New-Object System.IO.FileSystemWatcher -Property @{
    Path = $folderToMonitor
    Filter = $null
    IncludeSubdirectories = $true
    EnableRaisingEvents = $true
    NotifyFilter = [System.IO.NotifyFilters]'FileName,LastWrite'
}

$script:newFiles = @()
Register-ObjectEvent $watcher -EventName Changed -Action $processFile > $null

答案 3 :(得分：0)

扩展Arluin's answer。如果 handle.exe 或 $targetfile 中有空格，则失败。

这将适用于两者中的空格并格式化结果以提供Program Name.exe

$targetfile = "W:\Apps Folder\File.json"
$result = & "W:\Apps (Portable)\handle.exe" "$targetfile" | Select-String ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($targetfile))
$result = $result -replace '\s+pid\:.+'
$result
# PS> FreeCommander.exe
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