Question

我有一个名为Voter的模型。我想使用Django身份验证进行身份验证。所以我添加了OneToOneField。我正在使用this教程。

但是当我添加波纹管时，应用了makemigrations和migrate并尝试获取Voter对象，然后生成错误

user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

以前，我认为我在扩展用户方面做错了。但是现在阅读stackoverflow中的其他答案似乎是因为未应用迁移。

代码 model.py（partial）

class Voter(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) # this line map voter with user but it produce error 
    serial_voter_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    voter_id = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=10)
    voter_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    voter_constituency = models.ForeignKey(Constituency, models.DO_NOTHING, blank=True, null=True)
    username = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=32)
    password = models.TextField()
    voter_address = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    area = models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True, null=True)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True, null=True)
    pincode = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    adhar_no = models.BigIntegerField(unique=True)
    birth_date = models.DateField()
    age = models.IntegerField()
    fingerprint = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    authenticity = models.CharField(max_length=3, blank=True, null=True)
    wallet_id = models.TextField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'voter'

migrations / 0001_initial.py中的迁移条目

migrations.CreateModel(
    name='Voter',
    fields=[
        ('serial_voter_id', models.AutoField(primary_key=True, serialize=False)),
        ('voter_id', models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True)),
        ('voter_name', models.CharField(max_length=255)),
        ('username', models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)),
        ('password', models.TextField()),
        ('voter_address', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=255, null=True)),
        ('area', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=10, null=True)),
        ('city', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=10, null=True)),
        ('pincode', models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)),
        ('adhar_no', models.BigIntegerField(unique=True)),
        ('birth_date', models.DateField()),
        ('age', models.IntegerField()),
        ('fingerprint', models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)),
        ('authenticity', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=3, null=True)),
        ('wallet_id', models.TextField()),
    ],
    options={
        'db_table': 'voter',
        'managed': False,
    },
),

它产生的错误是

OperationalError at /admin/poll/voter/

(1054, "Unknown column 'voter.user_id' in 'field list'")

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/poll/voter/
Django Version:     3.0.2
Exception Type:     OperationalError
Exception Value:    

(1054, "Unknown column 'voter.user_id' in 'field list'")

Exception Location:     /home/vishvajeet/Desktop/Programming/django/environment/django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py in query, line 239
Python Executable:  /home/vishvajeet/Desktop/Programming/django/environment/django/bin/python
Python Version:     3.6.9
Python Path:    

['/home/vishvajeet/Desktop/Programming/django/environment/election',
 '/usr/lib/python36.zip',
 '/usr/lib/python3.6',
 '/usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/home/vishvajeet/Desktop/Programming/django/environment/django/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

Server time:    Tue, 31 Mar 2020 05:03:53 +0000

我搜寻了voter.user_id，但是没有找到任何文件。我阅读了this的答案，并认为这是因为迁移不适用，并且我们还可以看到OneToOneField的条目不在迁移文件中。

我正在使用的Django == 3.0.2 mysqlclient == 1.4.6

我在mysql中创建了数据库，然后使用this

在django中使用了它

Answer 1

运行python manage.py showmigrations时，是否已选中所有复选框，还是没有选中一个或多个[x]？

例如，这表明没有运行迁移

(venv) bash-3.2$ python manage.py showmigrations
admin
 [ ] 0001_initial
 [ ] 0002_logentry_remove_auto_add
 [ ] 0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices
auth
 [ ] 0001_initial
 [ ] 0002_alter_permission_name_max_length
 [ ] 0003_alter_user_email_max_length
 [ ] 0004_alter_user_username_opts
 [ ] 0005_alter_user_last_login_null
 [ ] 0006_require_contenttypes_0002
 [ ] 0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages
 [ ] 0008_alter_user_username_max_length
 [ ] 0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length
 [ ] 0010_alter_group_name_max_length
 [ ] 0011_update_proxy_permissions
contenttypes
 [ ] 0001_initial
 [ ] 0002_remove_content_type_name
sessions
 [ ] 0001_initial

这是所有迁移都已应用的时间：

(venv) bash-3.2$ python manage.py showmigrations
admin
 [X] 0001_initial
 [X] 0002_logentry_remove_auto_add
 [X] 0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices
auth
 [X] 0001_initial
 [X] 0002_alter_permission_name_max_length
 [X] 0003_alter_user_email_max_length
 [X] 0004_alter_user_username_opts
 [X] 0005_alter_user_last_login_null
 [X] 0006_require_contenttypes_0002
 [X] 0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages
 [X] 0008_alter_user_username_max_length
 [X] 0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length
 [X] 0010_alter_group_name_max_length
 [X] 0011_update_proxy_permissions
contenttypes
 [X] 0001_initial
 [X] 0002_remove_content_type_name
sessions
 [ ] 0001_initial

如果需要针对尚未应用的特定迁移，则可以运行以下命令：可以说会话需要运行

python manage.py migrate sessions 0001_initial

这会将特定的迁移应用于数据库。您是否遇到其他错误？

由于迁移未更改，因此无法使用OneToOneField扩展用户模型

1 个答案: