NPE,而单元测试

时间:2019-08-03 09:07:19

标签: java unit-testing mockito

我正在尝试为名为getBestSellers()的方法编写单元测试。

这里是:

package bookstore.scraper.book.scrapingtypeservice;

import bookstore.scraper.enums.Bookstore;
import bookstore.scraper.book.Book;
import bookstore.scraper.fetcher.empik.EmpikFetchingBookService;
import bookstore.scraper.fetcher.merlin.MerlinFetchingBookService;
import bookstore.scraper.urlproperties.EmpikUrlProperties;
import bookstore.scraper.urlproperties.MerlinUrlProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static bookstore.scraper.utilities.JSoupConnector.connect;

@Service
public class BestSellersService {

    private final EmpikUrlProperties empikUrlProperties;
    private final MerlinUrlProperties merlinUrlProperties;
    private final EmpikFetchingBookService empikBookService;
    private final MerlinFetchingBookService merlinBookService;

    @Autowired
    public BestSellersService(EmpikFetchingBookService empikBookService, MerlinFetchingBookService merlinBookService, EmpikUrlProperties empikUrlProperties, MerlinUrlProperties merlinUrlProperties) {
        this.empikBookService = empikBookService;
        this.merlinBookService = merlinBookService;
        this.empikUrlProperties = empikUrlProperties;
        this.merlinUrlProperties = merlinUrlProperties;
    }

    public Map<Bookstore, List<Book>> getBestSellers() {
        Map<Bookstore, List<Book>> bookstoreWithBestSellers = new EnumMap<>(Bookstore.class);

        bookstoreWithBestSellers.put(Bookstore.EMPIK, empikBookService
                .get5BestSellersEmpik(connect(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers())));
        bookstoreWithBestSellers.put(Bookstore.MERLIN, merlinBookService
                .get5BestSellersMerlin(connect(merlinUrlProperties.getMerlin().getBestSellers())));

        return bookstoreWithBestSellers;
    }
}

因此,首先我准备了如下所示的测试:

package bookstore.scraper.book.scrapingtypeservice;

import bookstore.scraper.book.Book;
import bookstore.scraper.dataprovider.EmpikBookProvider;
import bookstore.scraper.dataprovider.MerlinBookProvider;
import bookstore.scraper.enums.Bookstore;
import bookstore.scraper.fetcher.empik.EmpikFetchingBookService;
import bookstore.scraper.fetcher.merlin.MerlinFetchingBookService;
import bookstore.scraper.urlproperties.EmpikUrlProperties;
import bookstore.scraper.urlproperties.MerlinUrlProperties;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class BestSellersServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private EmpikFetchingBookService empikBookService;
    @Mock
    private MerlinFetchingBookService merlinBookService;
    @Mock
    private EmpikUrlProperties empikUrlProperties;
    @Mock
    private MerlinUrlProperties merlinUrlProperties;

    @InjectMocks
    private BestSellersService bestSellersService;

    @Test
    public void getBestSellers() {
        List<Book> merlinBestsellers = EmpikBookProvider.prepare5Bestsellers();
        List<Book> empikBestsellers = MerlinBookProvider.prepare5Bestsellers();

        when(empikBookService.get5BestSellersEmpik(any())).thenReturn(empikBestsellers);
        when(merlinBookService.get5BestSellersMerlin(any())).thenReturn(merlinBestsellers);
        //when(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());
        //when(merlinUrlProperties.getMerlin().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());

        Map<Bookstore, List<Book>> actualMap = bestSellersService.getBestSellers();
        Map<Bookstore, List<Book>> expectedMap = null;

        assertEquals(expectedMap, actualMap);
        assertThat(actualMap).hasSize(expectedMap.size());
    }
}

无需设置属性类的行为,因为我认为这是不必要的,因为调用any()时放了empikBookService.get5BestSellersEmpik(与merlinBookService相同),但是调用

时却扔了NPE
bookstoreWithBestSellers.put(Bookstore.EMPIK, empikBookService
                .get5BestSellersEmpik(connect(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers())));

我已经调试了,并且看到了

empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers()))

给了我NPE。 所以我将行为设置为:

when(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());
when(merlinUrlProperties.getMerlin().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());

现在它给了我带触角的NPE:

ava.lang.NullPointerException
    at bookstore.scraper.book.scrapingtypeservice.BestSellersServiceTest.getBestSellers(BestSellersServiceTest.java:48)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
.
.
.

connect方法已用于测试方法:

@UtilityClass
public class JSoupConnector {

    public static Document connect(String url) {
        try {
            return Jsoup.connect(url).get();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot connect to" + url);
        }
    }
}

属性类(与merlin相同)

package bookstore.scraper.urlproperties;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Getter
@Setter
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("external.library.url")
public class EmpikUrlProperties {

    private Empik empik = new Empik();

    @Getter
    @Setter
    public static class Empik {

        private String mostPreciseBook;
        private String bestSellers;
        private String concreteBook;
        private String romances;
        private String biographies;
        private String crime;
        private String guides;
        private String fantasy;
    }
}

我在做什么错?为什么当我放any()

时它一开始就不起作用

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

设置模拟时:

when(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());

您嘲笑了empikUrlProperties,这很好,但是您没有告诉嘲笑当调用getEmpik()时该怎么做。因此,该方法调用将在测试中以及生产代码中(在此行之前)都返回null,因此这是在调用getBestSellers()时导致NPE的原因。

因此,将其设置为模拟,例如:

@Mock
private EmpikUrlProperties empikUrlProperties;
@Mock
private EmpikUrlProperties.Empik empikMock;

when(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik()).thenReturn(empikMock);
when(empikMock.getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());

答案 1 :(得分:1)

有很多问题,但主要的问题是您误解了模拟,参数求值和any()的工作原理。

您正在使用

when(empikBookService.get5BestSellersEmpik(any())).thenReturn(empikBestsellers);

这告诉模拟empikBookService每次调用其get5BestSellersEmpik方法时,无论传递给该方法的参数是什么,它都应返回empikBestsellers

执行测试时,您的实际代码将作为参数传递什么?它传递由

返回的值
connect(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers())

关键部分是该表达式首先被求值,然后将其结果作为参数传递给get5BestSellersEmpik()方法。

就像当你做

System.out.println(a + b)
首先评估

a + b。如果结果为42,则将值42传递给println(),并且println打印42。

因此,为了避免测试失败,表达式

 connect(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers())

必须成功评估。它的结果无关紧要,因为您已经将模拟配置为接受任何参数。但这无关紧要。

您正在尝试

when(empikUrlProperties.getEmpik().getBestSellers()).thenReturn(anyString());

那没有任何意义。

首先,由于empikUrlProperties.getEmpik()将返回null,因为empikUrlProperties是一个模拟,并且模拟默认情况下返回null。因此null.getBestSellers()将导致NullPointerException。

第二,因为告诉模拟它应该返回任何字符串是没有道理的。如果您不关心应该返回的字符串,那么请自己选择一个字符串,然后使其返回。 anyString()实际上返回null,因此您要告诉它返回null。

因此您需要解决该问题。始终考虑您的代码在做什么,而不是尝试应用食谱。

最后,您的测试还调用了connect(...),这是一种静态方法,您没有(也不能)进行模拟。该方法也将被调用。并且它尝试连接到实际URL。因此,如果在该URL的测试过程中没有任何响应,则该方法也不起作用。这个connect()方法实际上应该是您服务的依赖项的一部分,并且应该模拟该依赖项。