我遇到错误“ ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为'__main __。models'的模块；'__ main__'不是包”

Question

我正在创建一个用于Web抓取的应用程序目录，该目录在我的django_project中被抓取。在将模型从我的models.py模块导入到views.py模块中时出现错误。

这是我的项目结构：

这是我在scrape应用程序的models.py中的代码

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

# model -- headline (title, url, date)

    class Headline(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
        url = models.TextField()
        event_date = models.TextField()

            def __str__(self):
                return self.title

以及此代码在抓取应用中的views.py中

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
import requests
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from .models import Headline

# Create your views here.
def scrape():
    # Use the session to get the URL
    session = requests.Session()
    url = 'https://allevents.in/malacca/all?ref=cityhome-popular'
    # Content is basically grabs all the HTML that comes from the session
    content = session.get(url, verify=False).content

    soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")

    # Return a list
    #item = soup.find_all('div', class_="event-item")
    for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="event-item"):
        title = item.find("h3").text.strip()
        linkhref = item.find("h3").find("a").get('href')
        date_posted = item.find("div", {"class":"right"})

        new_headline = Headline()
        new_headline.title = title
        new_headline.url = linkhref
        new_headline.event_date = date_posted
        new_headline.save()

    return redirect('/event/')

尝试从cmd运行python views.py后出现此错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "views.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .models import Headline
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '__main__.models'; '__main__' is not a package

我也在我的views.py

中尝试

from scrape.models import Headline

但出现以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "views.py", line 5, in <module>
    from scrape.models import Headline
  File "C:\Users\USER\django_project\scrape\scrape.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .models import Headline
ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package

如果我从模型导入标题更改，

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "views.py", line 6, in <module>
    from models import Headline
  File "C:\Users\USER\django_project\scrape\models.py", line 7, in <module>
    class Headline(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 103, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 252, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 134, in check_apps_ready
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 79, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 64, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

Answer 1

要导入model时，应使用models.py的路径来具体指定Python的外观。然后，您可以通过指定其类名来导入一个或多个模型，如下所示：

from <path_to_models.py> import <your_model_name>

要解决您的问题，请更改：

from .models import Headline

到

from models import Headline

在要导入Headline模型的所有文件中

编辑

使用具有自动填充功能的IDE时，例如Pycharm。您可以通过简单的方式导入模型：

1. 确保文件中使用了导入的模型
2. 删除导入行
3. 将光标置于要导入文件的模型的末尾
4. 按alt + enter
5. 点击import model