我正在研究Seqlock的实现。但是我发现的所有资源都以不同的方式实现它们。
Linux kernel implements it like this:
static inline unsigned __read_seqcount_begin(const seqcount_t *s)
{
unsigned ret;
repeat:
ret = READ_ONCE(s->sequence);
if (unlikely(ret & 1)) {
cpu_relax();
goto repeat;
}
return ret;
}
static inline unsigned raw_read_seqcount_begin(const seqcount_t *s)
{
unsigned ret = __read_seqcount_begin(s);
smp_rmb();
return ret;
}
基本上,它使用易失性读取以及在读取器端具有获取语义的读取屏障。
使用时,后续读取不受保护:
struct Data {
u64 a, b;
};
// ...
read_seqcount_begin(&seq);
int v1 = d.a, v2 = d.b;
// ...
RIGTORP_SEQLOCK_NOINLINE T load() const noexcept {
T copy;
std::size_t seq0, seq1;
do {
seq0 = seq_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acq_rel);
copy = value_;
std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acq_rel);
seq1 = seq_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
} while (seq0 != seq1 || seq0 & 1);
return copy;
}
仍然在没有原子操作或保护的情况下执行数据加载。但是,与在内核中具有获取语义的atomic_signal_fence
相比,在读取之前添加了具有获取释放语义的rmb
。
pub fn read(&self) -> T {
loop {
// Load the first sequence number. The acquire ordering ensures that
// this is done before reading the data.
let seq1 = self.seq.load(Ordering::Acquire);
// If the sequence number is odd then it means a writer is currently
// modifying the value.
if seq1 & 1 != 0 {
// Yield to give the writer a chance to finish. Writing is
// expected to be relatively rare anyways so this isn't too
// performance critical.
thread::yield_now();
continue;
}
// We need to use a volatile read here because the data may be
// concurrently modified by a writer.
let result = unsafe { ptr::read_volatile(self.data.get()) };
// Make sure the seq2 read occurs after reading the data. What we
// ideally want is a load(Release), but the Release ordering is not
// available on loads.
fence(Ordering::Acquire);
// If the sequence number is the same then the data wasn't modified
// while we were reading it, and can be returned.
let seq2 = self.seq.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
if seq1 == seq2 {
return result;
}
}
}
在加载seq
和data
之间没有存储障碍,而是在这里使用了易失性读取。
T reader() {
int r1, r2;
unsigned seq0, seq1;
do {
seq0 = seq.load(m_o_acquire);
r1 = data1.load(m_o_relaxed);
r2 = data2.load(m_o_relaxed);
atomic_thread_fence(m_o_acquire);
seq1 = seq.load(m_o_relaxed);
} while (seq0 != seq1 || seq0 & 1);
// do something with r1 and r2;
}
类似于Rust的实现,但是对数据使用原子操作代替volatile_read
。
本文声称:
在一般情况下,出于充分的语义原因,要求这样的seqlock“关键部分”内部的所有数据访问必须是原子的。如果我们在读取数据时读取了指针p,然后又读取* p,则如果读取p时碰巧看到指针值已更新一半,则临界区中的代码可能会从错误的地址读取。在这种情况下,可能无法避免以传统的原子负载读取指针,而这正是所希望的。
但是,在许多情况下,特别是在多进程情况下,seqlock数据由一个简单的可复制对象组成,而seqlock“关键部分”由简单的复制操作组成。在正常情况下,这可以使用memcpy编写。但这在这里是不可接受的,因为memcpy不会生成原子访问,并且(无论如何,根据我们的规范)容易受到数据竞争的影响。
当前,要正确地编写此类代码,我们需要将此类数据基本分解为许多小的无锁原子子对象,然后一次复制一个。将数据视为单个大的原子对象会破坏seqlock的目的,因为原子复制操作将获得常规锁。我们的建议本质上增加了一种便利的库工具,可以自动将其分解为小对象。
volatile_read
可以在获取seqlock之前重新排序吗?答案 0 :(得分:1)
你在 Linux 上的引用似乎是错误的。
根据https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/locking/seqlock.html读取过程为:
Read path:
do {
seq = read_seqcount_begin(&foo_seqcount);
/* ... [[read-side critical section]] ... */
} while (read_seqcount_retry(&foo_seqcount, seq));
如果您查看问题中发布的 github 链接,您会发现包含几乎相同过程的评论。
您似乎只研究了读取过程的一部分。链接文件实现了实现读取器和写入器所需的内容,但不实现它们自身的读取器/写入器。
另请注意文件顶部的此注释:
* The seqlock seqcount_t interface does not prescribe a precise sequence of
* read begin/retry/end. For readers, typically there is a call to
* read_seqcount_begin() and read_seqcount_retry(), however, there are more
* esoteric cases which do not follow this pattern.