将主机PC升级到较新的Linux版本后，我无法再运行项目。我只想编写一个工作的电子板的副本：硬件和代码之前已经过验证。
更准确地说，代码在_libc_init_array的启动脚本中崩溃，并跳转到BusFault_Handler()或HardFault_Handler()。
我在论坛上读了很多东西，似乎与链接到错误的libc风格（Thumb vs. ARM）有关。
工具：
MCU是带有FPU的STM32L476RG，Cortex-M4，ARM v7e-m。在GNU GCC安装文件夹中，share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/readme.txt告诉我我需要哪些标志：
|------------|--------------------------------------------|--------------| | Cortex-M4 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=softfp | thumb | | (Soft FP) | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 | /v7e-m+fp | | |--------------------------------------------| /softfp | | | -mthumb -march=armv7e-m -mfloat-abi=softfp | | | | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 | | |------------|--------------------------------------------|--------------| | Cortex-M4 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=hard | thumb | | (Hard FP) | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 | /v7e-m+fp | | |--------------------------------------------| /hard | | | -mthumb -march=armv7e-m -mfloat-abi=hard | | | | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 | | |------------|--------------------------------------------|--------------|
仅-mfloat-abi=softfp有效，-mfloat-abi=hard不起作用，但是GCC文档提示结果相同；只有调用约定不同。
这是我的Qbs文件：
import qbs
CppApplication {
consoleApplication: true
property string family: "STM32L4xx"
property string linkerScript: "STM32L476RGTx_FLASH.ld"
cpp.positionIndependentCode: false // make sure option -fPIC is not passed to GCC
cpp.defines: [
"USE_HAL_DRIVER",
"STM32L476xx",
"__weak=__attribute__((weak))",
"__packed=__attribute__((__packed__))"
]
cpp.commonCompilerFlags: [
"-fno-common",
"-specs=nosys.specs",
"-specs=nano.specs",
"-march=armv7e-m",
"-mcpu=cortex-m4",
"-mthumb-interwork", // support ARM and Thumb instruction sets
"-mthumb",
"-mfloat-abi=softfp",
"-mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16",
"-mtune=cortex-m4", // tune performance of code for this processor
// "-std=c99",
"-ffunction-sections",
"-fdata-sections",
// "-Os",
"-O0",
"-g3",
"-Wall",
"-c", // don't run the linker
// "-v" // print a lot of details (too much ?)
]
cpp.linkerFlags: [
"-T"+path+"/"+linkerScript,
"--gc-sections", // fixes "undefined reference to _exit" error
"-Map="+buildDirectory+"/memory.map", // file created at the end of the link step
"-static",
"--verbose", // displays library search
// "-lgcc",
// "-lg",
// "-lm"
]
cpp.includePaths: [
"Inc",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Include",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Include",
"Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Class/CDC/Inc",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Core/Inc/"
]
files: [
"Inc/*.h",
linkerScript,
"Src/*.c",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Include/*.h",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Source/Templates/gcc/*.s",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Source/Templates/*.c",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Include/*.h",
"Drivers/"+family+"_HAL_Driver/Inc/*.h",
"Drivers/"+family+"_HAL_Driver/Src/*.c",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Class/CDC/Src/*.c",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Core/Src/*.c"
]
Properties {
condition: qbs.buildVariant === "debug"
cpp.defines: outer.concat(["DEBUG=1"])
}
Group { // Properties for the produced executable
fileTagsFilter: product.type
qbs.install: true
}
}
使用链接器--verbose选项可以打印链接到的库的完整路径。并且它始终解析为arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a。但是我本来希望arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v7e-m+fp/softfp/libc.a。
我也尝试将链接器选项-nostdlib与-L标志一起使用，但是没有效果。即使我省略-L，它也可以编译，但是根据GCC手册页，它不应该编译。
所以，我很困在这里。那5分钟的工作变成了几天...
答案 0 :(得分：0)
问题是我得到的Qbs的较新版本（v1.12.1）足够聪明，可以在cpp.linkerFlags下的所有选项之前加上“ -Wl” ...解决方案是将那些标志设置为在cpp.driverFlags部分中编译并链接。
对任何人都应该有帮助，这是我目前正在使用的（-;））Qbs文件。
import qbs
CppApplication {
consoleApplication: true
property string family: "STM32L4xx"
property string linkerScript: "STM32L476RGTx_FLASH.ld"
cpp.positionIndependentCode: false // make sure option -fPIC is not passed to GCC
// Make sure to call the linker through GCC driver :
cpp.linkerMode: "manual" // default : "automatic"
cpp.linkerName: "gcc" // this string is appended to "<full_path_to_toolchain>/arm-none-eabi-"
// Define some symbols (GCC -D flag)
cpp.defines: [
"USE_HAL_DRIVER",
"STM32L476xx",
"__weak=__attribute__((weak))",
"__packed=__attribute__((__packed__))"
]
// Options for compilation AND linking.
cpp.driverFlags: [
// CPU
"-mcpu=cortex-m4",
"-mthumb",
"-mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16",
"-mfloat-abi=hard",
"-specs=nano.specs", // use smaller libc
]
// Compiler flags for all langages (C, C++).
cpp.commonCompilerFlags: [
// Optimizations
//"-Os",
//"-O0",
"-Og",
"-Wall",
"-fdata-sections",
"-ffunction-sections",
// For debug
"-g",
"-gdwarf-2",
"-c", // don't run the linker
//"-v" // print a whole lot of details
]
// Linker flag only i.e. understood by LD !!!
// Qbs will prepend all these flags with "-Wl," so that GCC transfers them to LD.
// Other options required for linking should be set in the driverFlags section.
cpp.linkerFlags: [
"-T"+path+"/"+linkerScript,
"-static",
"--verbose", // displays library search
"-lc",
"-lm",
"-lnosys",
"-Map="+buildDirectory+"/memory.map", // file created at the end of the link step
"--cref", // map file formatting
"--gc-sections", // enables garbage collection for unused sections
]
// Include directories.
cpp.includePaths: [
"Inc",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Include",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Include",
"Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Class/CDC/Inc",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Core/Inc/"
]
// Source files.
files: [
"Inc/*.h",
linkerScript,
"Src/*.c",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Include/*.h",
"startup/*.s",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/"+family+"/Source/Templates/*.c",
"Drivers/CMSIS/Include/*.h",
"Drivers/"+family+"_HAL_Driver/Inc/*.h",
"Drivers/"+family+"_HAL_Driver/Src/*.c",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Class/CDC/Src/*.c",
"Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Device_Library/Core/Src/*.c"
]
Properties {
condition: qbs.buildVariant === "debug"
cpp.defines: outer.concat(["DEBUG=1"])
}
Group { // Properties for the produced executable
fileTagsFilter: product.type
qbs.install: true
}
}