在 ssh-agent 中使用加密的 ssh-key 进行 ssh-add

Question

我目前正在尝试从Gitlab CI / CD Docker容器中触发远程计算机上的脚本。作业配置如下：

stages:
  - deploy

image: maven:3.3.9

server-deploy:
  stage: deploy
  allow_failure: false
  script:
    ## Install ssh agent
    - apt update && apt install openssh-client -y
    - eval $(ssh-agent -s)
    ## Create SSH key file
    - "echo \"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
QyNTUxOQAAACByjJBGT21Arna/pirWVXQqGAr/aszqQ5HzvrA2MzVDZAAAAJiGKEEKhihB
CgAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACByjJBGT21Arna/pirWVXQqGAr/aszqQ5HzvrA2MzVDZA
AAAEAKbObQgJGXbrKQt4wdCy3YQfpVBqkT5RNEt2IYU5pv3HKMkEZPbUCudr+mKtZVdCoY
Cv9qzOpDkfO+sDYzNUNkAAAAFHN2ZW5AREVTS1RPUC0xTjVKUjRSAQ==
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----\" > deploy-key"
    ## Fix permissions on key file and .ssh folder
    - chmod 700 deploy-key; mkdir -p ~/.ssh; chmod 700 ~/.ssh
    ## Import SSH key
    - ssh-add -k deploy-key
    ## Make sure that ssh will trust the new host, instead of asking
    - echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config
    ## Run script on the remote server
    - ssh -t user@255.255.255.255 "./deploy-master"

（SSH密钥只是一个临时密钥，专门针对SO问题生成）现在，当作业到达“ ssh-add -k deploy-key”命令并要求输入密码时，该作业将失败，例如：

$ ssh-add -k deploy-key
Enter passphrase for deploy-key: ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1

SSH密钥显然没有附加密码，我可以通过在自己的Linux机器上运行完全相同的命令来验证这一点，它们在此处可以正常工作。

所以我的问题是：如何防止ssh-add要求输入密码？而且我也很好奇为什么这只发生在Gitlab CI Docker容器上而不是在我自己的PC上。

谢谢！

Answer 1

在Yaml中使用块可能会起作用。

stages:
  - deploy

image: maven:3.3.9

server-deploy:
  stage: deploy
  allow_failure: false
  script:
    ## Install ssh agent
    - apt update && apt install openssh-client -y
    - eval $(ssh-agent -s)
    ## Create SSH key file
    - |
      echo '-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
      b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
      QyNTUxOQAAACByjJBGT21Arna/pirWVXQqGAr/aszqQ5HzvrA2MzVDZAAAAJiGKEEKhihB
      CgAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACByjJBGT21Arna/pirWVXQqGAr/aszqQ5HzvrA2MzVDZA
      AAAEAKbObQgJGXbrKQt4wdCy3YQfpVBqkT5RNEt2IYU5pv3HKMkEZPbUCudr+mKtZVdCoY
      Cv9qzOpDkfO+sDYzNUNkAAAAFHN2ZW5AREVTS1RPUC0xTjVKUjRSAQ==
      -----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----' > deploy-key
    ## Fix permissions on key file and .ssh folder
    - chmod 700 deploy-key; mkdir -p ~/.ssh; chmod 700 ~/.ssh
    ## Import SSH key
    - ssh-add -k deploy-key
    ## Make sure that ssh will trust the new host, instead of asking
    - echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config
    ## Run script on the remote server
    - ssh -t user@255.255.255.255 "./deploy-master"

Answer 2

好的，我知道了。事实证明，ssh-add对文件格式特别是换行符非常挑剔。 .gitlab-ci.yml中的换行没有直接传送到命令，因此密钥最终变成了一行。

这是我解决的方法：

table2

通过这种方式，可以自动创建文件中的换行符，然后通过ssh-add选择格式。

Answer 3

在 ssh-agent 中使用加密的 ssh-key 进行 ssh-add

此解决方案在变量 SSH_PRIVATE_KEY 中有一个 ed25519 加密的 ssh 密钥，在变量 SSH_PRIVATE_KEY 中有用于解密它的密码。

image: ubuntu:trusty

before_script:
  ##
  ## Install ssh-agent if not already installed, it is required by Docker.
  ## (change apt-get to yum if you use an RPM-based image)
  ##
  - 'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client git -y )'

  ##
  ## Run ssh-agent (inside the build environment)
  ##
  - eval $(ssh-agent -s)

  ##
  ## Create the SSH directory and give it the right permissions
  ##
  - mkdir -p ~/.ssh
  - chmod 700 ~/.ssh

  ## Create a shell script that will echo the environment variable SSH_PASSPHRASE
  - echo 'echo $SSH_PASSPHRASE' > ~/.ssh/tmp && chmod 700 ~/.ssh/tmp

  ##
  ## Why would you encrypt your private keys? Can I echo the value to stdout?
  - echo $SSH_PRIVATE_KEY

  ## Add the SSH key stored in SSH_PRIVATE_KEY variable to the agent store
  ## We're using tr to fix line endings which makes ed25519 keys work
  ## without extra base64 encoding.
  ## https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/ssh-private-key/issues/1#note_48526556
  ##
  ## If ssh-add needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
  ## terminal if it was run from a terminal.  If ssh-add does not have a terminal
  ## associated with it but DISPLAY and SSH_ASKPASS are set, it will execute the
  ## program specified by SSH_ASKPASS and open an X11 window to read the
  ## passphrase.  This is particularly useful when calling ssh-add from a
  ## .xsession or related script. Setting DISPLAY=None drops the use of X11.
  - echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY" | tr -d '\r' | DISPLAY=None SSH_ASKPASS=~/.ssh/tmp ssh-add -

  ##
  ## Use ssh-keyscan to scan the keys of your private server. Replace gitlab.com
  ## with your own domain name. You can copy and repeat that command if you have
  ## more than one server to connect to.
  ##
  - ssh-keyscan gitlab.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
  - chmod 644 ~/.ssh/known_hosts

  ##
  ## Alternatively, assuming you created the SSH_SERVER_HOSTKEYS variable
  ## previously, uncomment the following two lines instead.
  ##
  #- echo "$SSH_SERVER_HOSTKEYS" > ~/.ssh/known_hosts'
  #- chmod 644 ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Gitlab CI / Docker：ssh-add不断询问密码

3 个答案:

在 ssh-agent 中使用加密的 ssh-key 进行 ssh-add