递归访问嵌套字典的路径和值

时间:2018-04-27 17:28:22

标签: python json python-2.7 list dictionary

在Python 2.7中,如何动态访问和打印嵌套字典的键和值?这是一个荒谬的例子:https://jsoneditoronline.org/?id=da7a486dc2e24bf8b94add9f04c71b4d

通常,我会做类似的事情:

import json

json_sample = 'sample_dict.json'
json_file = open(json_sample, 'r')
json_data = json.load(json_file)

items = json_data['sample_dict']

for item in items:
    dict_id = item['dict_id']
    person = item['person']['person_id']
    family = item['family']['members']

    print dict_id
    print person
    print family

我可以像这样硬编码,它会给我带来理想的结果,但我如何动态访问每个键和值,以便:

  • 第一行只打印键(dict_idperson['person_id']person['name']family['members']['father']
  • 第二行分别打印值(5,15,“Martin”,“Jose”)

最终结果应该是CSV文件。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以使用递归访客/生成器返回叶子的所有路径/值对:

def visit_dict(d, path=[]):
    for k, v in d.items():
        if not isinstance(v, dict):
            yield path + [k], v
        else:
            yield from visit_dict(v, path + [k])

(如果使用Python< 3.4),请将yield from ...替换为appropriate equivalent

获取密钥:

>>> ','.join('/'.join(k) for k, v in visit_dict(json_data['sample_dict'][0]))
'dict_id,person/person_id,person/name,person/age,family/person_id,family/members/father,family/members/mother,family/members/son,family/family_id,items_id,furniture/type,furniture/color,furniture/size,furniture/purchases'

和值:

>>> ','.join(str(v) for k, v in visit_dict(json_data['sample_dict'][0]))
'5,15,Martin,18,20,Jose,Maddie,Jerry,2,None,Chair,Brown,Large,[]'