表:(量:2100W)
CREATE TABLE `prefix` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`number` int(11) NOT NULL,
`string` varchar(750) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_string_prefix10` (`string`(10)),
KEY `idx_string` (`string`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
歧视:
select count(distinct(left(string,10)))/count(*) from prefix;
+-------------------------------------------+
| count(distinct(left(string,10)))/count(*) |
+-------------------------------------------+
| 0.9999 |
+-------------------------------------------+
结果:
select sql_no_cache count(*) from prefix force index(idx_string_prefix10)
where string <"1505d28b"
243.96s,241.88s
select sql_no_cache count(*) from prefix force index(idx_string)
where string < "1505d28b"
7.96s,7.21s,7.53s
为什么前缀索引比mysql中的索引慢?(原谅我的英语不好)
explain select sql_no_cache count(*) from prefix force index(idx_string_prefix10)
where string < "1505d28b";
+----+-------------+--------+------------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | prefix | NULL | range | idx_string_prefix10 | idx_string_prefix10 | 42 | NULL | 3489704 | 100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+------------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+
答案 0 :(得分:0)
当你使用前缀索引时,MySQL必须从索引中读取,并且在读取索引之后,它也必须读取数据行,以确保WHERE条件选择该值。这是两次读取,并扫描了更多数据。
当你使用非前缀索引时,MySQL可以从索引中读取整个字符串值,并且它立即知道条件是否选择了值,或者是否可以跳过它。