对于这个问题的篇幅我很抱歉，但实际上没有其他方法可以解释我在unittest模块中观察到的奇怪行为。我的目标是给你所有必要的信息，告诉我这里发生了什么。
在unittest类中，我有许多不同的测试函数。其中两个是：
def test_step_with_touching_but_not_colliding_balls(self):
## balls will not collide, but they will touch in the first moment.
## The problem here is that they are listed as touching with time 0,
## and thus the loop in step() is never exited.
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r=50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
#########################################################################
# We continue on the same setup.
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+2*ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+2*ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
for i in range(25):
board.step()
def test_step_colliding_balls_from_distance(self):
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 480, y = 600, vx = 10, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 700, y = 600, vx = -10, vy = 0, m = 23)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
当我使用这两个函数运行unittest时，我得到以下结果：
(balls) Sahands-MBP:src sahandzarrinkoub$ python test_boardmodel.py
...................
我相信这是一个无限循环。如果我做KeyboardInterrupt，我会看到这个追溯：
File "test_boardmodel.py", line 422, in <module>
unittest.main()
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/main.py", line 95, in __init__
self.runTests()
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/main.py", line 256, in runTests
self.result = testRunner.run(self.test)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/runner.py", line 176, in run
test(result)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/suite.py", line 84, in __call__
return self.run(*args, **kwds)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/suite.py", line 122, in run
test(result)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/suite.py", line 84, in __call__
return self.run(*args, **kwds)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/suite.py", line 122, in run
test(result)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/case.py", line 653, in __call__
return self.run(*args, **kwds)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/case.py", line 605, in run
testMethod()
File "test_boardmodel.py", line 204, in test_step_with_touching_but_not_colliding_balls
board.step()
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/pythonfun/BouncingBalls/balls/src/model/boardmodel.py", line 96, in step
object1.collide(object2)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/pythonfun/BouncingBalls/balls/src/model/boardmodel.py", line 349, in collide
self.collide_with_ball(other)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/pythonfun/BouncingBalls/balls/src/model/boardmodel.py", line 441, in collide_with_ball
])*((r1+r2)/((x2-x1)**2-(y2-y1)**2))
KeyboardInterrupt
我认为很公平。但有一个非常奇怪的行为，我无法解释。如果我注释掉上面代码片段的最后四行，那么测试就完成了。所以要清楚，我将上面的摘录改为：
def test_step_with_touching_but_not_colliding_balls(self):
## balls will not collide, but they will touch in the first moment.
## The problem here is that they are listed as touching with time 0,
## and thus the loop in step() is never exited.
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r=50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
#########################################################################
# We continue on the same setup.
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+2*ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+2*ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
for i in range(25):
board.step()
def test_step_colliding_balls_from_distance(self):
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 480, y = 600, vx = 10, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 700, y = 600, vx = -10, vy = 0, m = 23)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
board.step()
# self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
# self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
# self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
# self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
当我进行测试时，我看到了这一点：
......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 22 tests in 0.009s
OK
我认为这很奇怪，因为已经注释掉的四行不会导致在被测试的类中执行任何代码。
此外，无限循环甚至不会出现在线被注释掉的同一个函数中！
从回溯中可以看出，无限循环发生在Ball或Board类内部。如何评论4个断言只是检查对象属性的值会对测试产生如此巨大的影响？
编辑：由于用户建议我应该在测试类中查找错误，这是完整的事情。我发现它没有任何问题，但也许我错过了一些东西。
import unittest
from model.boardmodel import Board, Ball, Wall
from model.exceptions.exceptions import ProximityError
class BoardModelMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def assertRaisesWithMessage(self, msg, func, *args, **kwargs):
try:
func(*args, **kwargs)
self.assertFail()
except Exception as inst:
self.assertEqual(inst.message, msg)
def test_collide_ball_wall(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 2)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 90, r = 10, vx = 0, vy = 1, m = 1)
ball.collide(Wall(board, 1)) # Collide with upper wall
self.assertEqual(ball.vx, 0) # Should be unchanged
self.assertEqual(ball.vy, -1) # Should be inverted
ball = board.add_ball(x = 90, y = 50, r = 10, vx = 1, vy = 1, m = 1)
ball.collide(Wall(board, 2)) # Collide with right wall
self.assertEqual(ball.vx, -1) # Should be inverted
self.assertEqual(ball.vy, 1) # Should be unchanged
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 10, r = 10, vx = 1, vy = -1, m = 1)
ball.collide(Wall(board, 3)) # Collide with bottom wall
self.assertEqual(ball.vx, 1) # Should be unchanged
self.assertEqual(ball.vy, 1) # Should be inverted
ball = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 50, r = 10, vx = -1, vy = 1, m = 1)
ball.collide(Wall(board, 4)) # Collide with left wall
self.assertEqual(ball.vx, 1) # Should be inverted
self.assertEqual(ball.vy, 1) # Should be unchanged
with self.assertRaises(ProximityError):
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 50, r = 10, vx = 1, vy = 1, m = 1)
ball.collide(Wall(board, 1)) # This shouldn't work
def test_collide_ball_ball(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 45, y = 50, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 55, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_1.collide(ball_2)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 45)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 55)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 50)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 50)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.r, 5)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.r, 5)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vx, 2)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vx, -2)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vy, 0)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vy, 0)
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100) # Same thing with one line changed
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 45, y = 50, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 55, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2.collide(ball_1) # This line is changed
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 45)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 55)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 50)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 50)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.r, 5)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.r, 5)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vx, 2)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vx, -2)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vy, 0)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vy, 0)
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100) # Testing something not as straight and not as symmetrical...
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 45, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 1, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 55, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = -10, m = 1)
ball_1.collide(ball_2)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vx, 2.0)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vx, -2.0)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.vy, -10.0)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.vy, 1.0)
def test_get_balls_pygame(self):
########################################################################
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100)
board.add_ball(r=1, x = 50, y = 50, vx = 10, vy = 10)
pygame_balls = board.get_balls_pygame()
for ball in pygame_balls:
for val in ball.values():
self.assertIsInstance(val, int)
self.assertEqual(pygame_balls, [{'r':1, 'x':50, 'y':50}])
del board
########################################################################
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 10, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 2, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = -2, m = 1)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(board.time_elapsed, 1)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 12)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 12)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 48)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 48)
balls = board.get_balls_pygame()
self.assertEqual(len(balls), len(board.get_ball_list()))
pygame_balls = board.get_balls_pygame()
ball_list = board.get_ball_list()
for ball in pygame_balls:
for val in ball.values():
self.assertIsInstance(val, int)
for r in map(lambda x: x['r'], pygame_balls):
self.assertIn(r, map(lambda x: x.r, ball_list))
for x in map(lambda x: x['x'], pygame_balls):
self.assertIn(x, map(lambda x: x.x, ball_list))
for y in map(lambda x: x['y'], pygame_balls):
self.assertIn(x, map(lambda x: x.y, ball_list))
def test_step_without_balls(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
#Take step without balls
board.step()
#Test that time is progressed by a timestep
self.assertEqual(board.time_elapsed, 1)
def test_step_with_balls(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 10, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 2, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = -2, m = 1)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(board.time_elapsed, 1)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 12)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 12)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 48)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 48)
balls = board.get_balls_pygame()
self.assertEqual(len(balls), len(board.get_ball_list()))
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 900, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r=50, x = 600, y = 400, vx = 40, vy = -20, m = 10)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 900+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 600+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
def test_step_with_touching_but_not_colliding_balls(self):
## balls will not collide, but they will touch in the first moment.
## The problem here is that they are listed as touching with time 0,
## and thus the loop in step() is never exited.
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r=50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
#########################################################################
# We continue on the same setup.
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 500+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600+2*ball_1.vy*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 650+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600+2*ball_2.vy*board.timestep)
for i in range(25):
board.step()
def test_step_colliding_balls_from_distance(self):
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 480, y = 600, vx = 10, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 700, y = 600, vx = -10, vy = 0, m = 23)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
board.step()
# self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 480+2*ball_1.vx*board.timestep)
# self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 700+2*ball_2.vx*board.timestep)
# self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 600)
# self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 600)
def test_add_ball(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 10, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 2, m = 1)
self.assertEqual(ball_1, board.get_ball_list()[0])
def test_progress_balls(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 10, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 2, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = -2, m = 1)
board.progress_balls(2)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.x, 14)
self.assertEqual(ball_1.y, 14)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.x, 46)
self.assertEqual(ball_2.y, 46)
def test_collide_wall_1(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 70, r = 10, vx = 0, vy = 1, m = 1)
for i in range(20):
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.y, 90)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.y, 89)
def test_collide_wall_2(self):
board = Board(width = 1000, height = 1000, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 800, y = 100, r = 100, vx = 10, vy = 0, m = 1)
for i in range(10):
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.x, 900)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.x, 890)
def test_collide_wall_3(self):
board = Board(width = 1000, height = 1000, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 500, y = 200, r = 100, vx = 0, vy = -10, m = 1)
for i in range(10):
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.y, 100)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.y, 110)
def test_collide_wall_4(self):
board = Board(width = 1000, height = 1000, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 200, y = 500, r = 100, vx = -10, vy = 0, m = 1)
for i in range(10):
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.x, 100)
board.step()
self.assertEqual(ball.x, 110)
def test_first_wall_contacts_wall_1(self):
## ball is touching wall
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 90, r = 10, vx = 0, vy = 1, m = 1)
contacts = board.first_wall_contacts(1)
collidors = contacts['collidors']
self.assertEqual(collidors, [(ball,board.walls[1])])
def test_first_wall_contacts_wall_2(self):
## ball is touching wall
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 90, y = 50, r = 10, vx = 1, vy = 0, m = 1)
contacts = board.first_wall_contacts(1)
collidors = contacts['collidors']
self.assertEqual(collidors, [(ball,board.walls[2])])
def test_first_wall_contacts_wall_3(self):
## ball is touching wall
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 50, y = 10, r = 10, vx = 0, vy = -1, m = 1)
contacts = board.first_wall_contacts(1)
collidors = contacts['collidors']
self.assertEqual(collidors, [(ball,board.walls[3])])
def test_first_wall_contacts_wall_4(self):
## ball is touching wall
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1)
ball = board.add_ball(x = 10, y = 50, r = 10, vx = -1, vy = 0, m = 1)
contacts = board.first_wall_contacts(1)
collidors = contacts['collidors']
self.assertEqual(collidors, [(ball,board.walls[4])])
def test_first_wall_contacts_no_contact_with_wall(self):
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
wall_contacts = board.first_wall_contacts(1)
self.assertEqual(wall_contacts, None)
self.assertEqual(wall_contacts, None)
def test_first_ball_contacts_2_balls(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1) # Same thing with one line changed
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 45, y = 50, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 55, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = 0, m = 1)
contacts = board.first_ball_contacts(1)
self.assertEqual(contacts['time'], 0)
self.assertEqual(len(contacts['collidors'][0]), 2)
self.assertEqual(board.get_ball_list(), list(contacts['collidors'][0]))
balls = board.get_balls_pygame()
self.assertEqual(len(balls), 2)
###################################################################
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
contacts = board.first_ball_contacts(board.timestep)
self.assertEqual(contacts, None)
def test_collision_time(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1) # Same thing with one line changed
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 45, y = 50, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 55, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = 0, m = 1)
tc = board.t_collision(ball_1, ball_2)
t = board.collision_time(ball_1, ball_2, 1)
self.assertEqual(t, 0)
###################################################################
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
t = board.collision_time(ball_1, ball_2, 1)
self.assertEqual(t, None)
def test_t_collision(self):
board = Board(width = 100, height = 100, sps = 1) # Same thing with one line changed
ball_1 = board.add_ball(x = 45, y = 50, r = 5, vx = 2, vy = 0, m = 1)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(x = 55, y = 50, r = 5, vx = -2, vy = 0, m = 1)
t = board.t_collision(ball_1, ball_2)
self.assertEqual(t, 0)
###################################################################
SCREEN_RES = {'width':1100, 'height':800}
board = Board(**SCREEN_RES)
ball_1 = board.add_ball(r = 100, x = 500, y = 600, vx = 20, vy = 0, m = 23)
ball_2 = board.add_ball(r = 50, x = 650, y = 600, vx = 40, vy = 0, m = 10)
t = board.t_collision(ball_1, ball_2)
self.assertEqual(t, None)
def test_ball__str__(self):
board = Board()
ball = Ball(parent = board, xpos = 50, ypos = 50, radius = 100, vx = 0, vy = 0, mass = 1)
self.assertEqual(str(ball), "Ball: x={0}, y={1}, r={2}, vx={3}, vy={4}".format(ball.x,ball.y,ball.r,ball.vx,ball.vy))
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()