Question

我尝试进行表单验证，以便某些字段只接受某些类型的输入，例如名称只接受字母和电话号码只接受10个数字。我尝试对第一个名称进行验证，如下所示：

#forms.py

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
# STEP 1 FORM
    student_id = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Student ID")
    first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="First Name", widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
    last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Last Name")
    ssn = USSocialSecurityNumberField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="SSN", help_text="Format: xxx-xx-xxxx")
    gender = forms.ChoiceField(widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Gender", choices=GENDER_CHOICES)
    dob = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Date of birth", help_text="Format: yyyy-mm-dd")
    contact_number = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Contact number")
    address = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Address")
    city = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="City")
    state = forms.ChoiceField(choices=STATE_CHOICES, initial="NJ", label="State")
    zipcode = USZipCodeField(label="Zipcode")
    country = forms.ChoiceField(choices=countries, label="Country", initial="US")
    home_phone = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Home phone")
    cell_phone = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Cell phone")
    email = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), max_length=254, validators=[validate_email], label="Email")
    background = forms.ChoiceField(choices=BACKGROUND_CHOICES, label="Background")
    location = forms.ChoiceField(choices=LOCATION_CHOICES, initial="south_plainfield", label="Location")
    workforce = forms.ChoiceField(choices=WORKFORCE_CHOICES, initial="--", label="Workforce")
    source = forms.ChoiceField(choices=SOURCE_CHOICES, initial="individual", label="Source")
    refer_by = forms.ChoiceField(choices=REFER_BY_CHOICES, initial="no refer", label="Refer by")
    last_status = forms.ChoiceField(choices=LAST_STATUS_CHOICES, initial="followup", label="Last status")
    newsletter = forms.BooleanField(widget=forms.CheckboxInput(), label="Newsletter", required=False)
    created_by = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Created by")
    date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Date", help_text="Format: yyyy-mm-dd")
    notes = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), required=False, label="notes", help_text="less than 1000 characters")

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data
        first_name = cleaned_data.get('first_name')

        if first_name.isalpha == False:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Please enter a real name.')
        elif first_name[0].isupper() == False or first_name[1:].isupper() == True:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Please capitalize properly')
        else:
            cleaned_data['first_name'] = first_name

        return cleaned_data

    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('student_id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'ssn', 'gender', 'dob', 'contact_number', 'address', 'city', 'state', 'zipcode', 'country', 'home_phone', 'cell_phone', 'email', 'background', 'location', 'workforce', 'source', 'refer_by', 'last_status', 'newsletter', 'created_by', 'date', 'notes')

然而，在提交表单时，它完全忽略它，我的数据库浏览器显示可以接受带有数字的名称。有没有我写错了，或者除了forms.py之外我还需要在其他地方更改一些代码吗？我觉得如果我可以解决这个验证，其他的应该更容易，但如果有人能告诉我确保表格中的电话号码只有10个数字的正确方法，那也会很好。感谢。

Answer 1

你没有调用方法isalpha：

if first_name.isalpha == False:

您创建了一个内置方法对象isalpha，它不是False。我认为这只是一个错字，所以写道：

if first_name.isalpha():
    ... # your code

验证电话号码使用方法clean_phone：

def clean_phone(self):
    phone = self.cleaned_data['phone']
    if not phone.isdigit():
        raise forms.ValidationError('Phone number can only contains digits')
    elif len(phone) != 10:
        raise forms.ValidationError('Length of phone number must be 10 digits')
    return phone

修改

这是绝对正确的，你不必在forms.py文件中描述字段，你应该在models.py中进行，但是一些特殊的，比如first_name必须只包含你可以在forms.py中描述的字母。

首先，在models.py中创建一个包含所有数据库约束（字段类型，最大长度，选项，唯一值等）的Student模型。考虑到django自动创建id字段。

# models.py class Student(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) # Type of gender field depends on type of keys you used in GENDER_CHOICES # CharField for chars, IntegerField for integers gender = models.CharField(choices = GENDER_CHOICES, max_length=5) ... # Here you could validate your phone number length # But you still have to check it for valide symbols (in forms.py) phone = models.CharField(max_length = 10) # and so on for all your fields

之后，在forms.py中定义您的StudetForm。您不必用约束来描述所有学生字段。

# forms.py from models import Student class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Student fields = '__all__' # Django adds all fields you've described in Student # Then you could rename you fields labels, otherwise django will use names of model fields labels = { 'first_name': 'First Name', 'last_name': 'Last Name', ... } # And you also can override widgets for rendering. # This feature could be useful for dates, because django default widget for DateField is TextInput. widgets = { 'date': forms.SelectDateWidget, } # Now you could describe all validation methods def clean_first_name(self): first_name = self.cleaned_data['first_name'] if not first_name.isalpha(): return ValidationError('First name must contain only letters') return first_name

如何在Django

1 个答案: